Post by Mohammed IbRaHim on Jan 26, 2014 23:12:01 GMT 5.5
SILSILA AL QADIRIYA
AL GHAWTH AL ADHAM
Jilani, ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Ghawth al-Adham [D.1166] 'alayhi al-rahmah wa'l-ridwan
Born in Jilan, Persia. Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani was a Sufi master and Sayyad (descendant of the Final Messenger, the Most Beloved Prophet Muhammad-Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam) from both his father and mother, (al Hasan, w'al Husayni).
His contribution and renown in the sciences of Sufism and Sharia was so immense that he became known as the spiritual pole of his time, al-Ghawth al A'zam (the "Supreme Helper" or the "Mightiest Succor"). His writings were similar to those of al-Ghazali in that they dealt with both the fundamentals of Islam and the mystical experience of Sufism. Studied Hanbali jurisprudence in Baghdad. Spent twenty-five years as a wandering ascetic in the deserts of Iraq. Became a popular teacher with his own Sufi school & centre. Most universally popular Wali Allah & revered man after the salf as-salihin. Recognised as the patron & founder of the Qadiri order. Has a reputation for theological soundness that has led others to claim his work as the basis for their own insights & experiences.
INTRODUCTION
Mehboob al Subhani, al Ghawth al A'zam Sayyadina as-Shaykh Abd 'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu was a noted Hanbali preacher, Sufi shaykh and the eponymous founder of the Qadiri Sufi order (silsila). He was born in Ramadan AH 470 (CE 1077) in the Persian province of Jilan (Iran) south of the Caspian sea. His contribution and renown in the sciences of Sufism (tasawwuf) and Sharia (Islamic Law) was so immense that he became known as the spiritual pole of his time, al-Ghawth al Azam (the "Supreme Helper" or the "Mightiest Succour").
Hasani & Husayni
Shaykh Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani radi Allahu ta'ala anhu is Both Hasani and Husayni
The most universally acclaimed saint of all times and the most celebrated in all the aalamin (worlds), among jinn and men as well as among the arwaah (souls), the malaaika (angels), and the rijaal ul ghayb (men of the unseen), the beloved of Allah Ta'ala who throughout history has been showered the titles of Muhiyuddin (reviver of the faith), Qutb Rabbani (the spiritual axis established by the Lord), and Ghawth al-A'zam (the greatest helper, the greatest saint), Sayyadi wa Imami Abu Muhammad Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu was born in Ramadan 470 A.H/1077 C.E in Jilan, Persia. His father, Abu Salih, was a man of taqwa (piety) and a direct descendant of Sayyidina Imam Hasan ibn Ali Radi Allahu Anhu. His mother, Ummul Khayr Fatima was a saintly daughter of a saintly father Shaykh Abdullah Sawma'i who was a direct descendant of Sayyad ash-shuhadaa Imam Husayn ibn Ali Radi Allahu Anhu.
Thus Muhyiddin Shaykh Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anha was both Hasani and Husayni, a descendant of the Beloved Prophet Muhammad Salla Allahu 'alayhi wa Sallam from his beloved daughter Sayyidatina Fatima az-Zahra (Rady Allahu Anha). For this reason, the Sindhis for example, lovingly call him "putar mithe mahbub jo" (the blessed son of the sweet Beloved Prophet - Salla Allahu ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam).
The genealogical roots of Shaykh Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu Anhu can be traced to Habib ul-A'zam Sayyaduna Muhammad Salla Allahu ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam as follows:
Ghawth al A'zam Sayyadina Shaykh Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani, son of
As-Sayyad Abu Salih Musa, son of
As-Sayyad Abdallah al-Jili, s/o
As-Sayyad Yahya as-Zahid, s/o
As-Sayyad Muhammad, s/o
As-Sayyad Dawud, s/o
As-Sayyad Musa, s/o
As-Sayyad Abdallah, s/o
As-Sayyad Musa al-Jawn, s/o
As-Sayyad Abdallah al-Mahd, s/o
As-Sayyad al-Hasan al-Muthanna, s/o
Sayyadina al-Imam al-Hasan, Radi Allahu Anhu, son of
Imam ul mashariqi wal magharib, Sayyaduna Ali ibn Abi Talib, Radi Allahu Anhu,
Sayyadatina Fatima az-Zahra, (Radi Allahu Anha) the blessed daughter of
Khaatam an-Nabiyyin Habibi Rabbil aalamin Sayyadina wa Mawlana Muhammad ibn Abdullah, Nurin min Nurillah, Allahumma Salli wa Sallim wa Baarik alayh.
(cited by Shaykh Abdur Rahman ibn Shaykh Umar Ali al-Qadiri, in Al-Jawhar un Nafis, The Most Precious Pearls, p. 29).
What better way is there to end this section and indeed all the remaining sections than with this hymn which is full of blessings and mercy of Allah.
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
O The Ever-Living, O The Ever-Living, O The Self-Subsisting by whom all subsist
O The Ever-Living, O The Ever-Living, O The Self-Subsisting by whom all subsist
Station of Siddiqin
Shaykh Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani radi Allahu ta'ala anhu Attained The Spiritual Station of Siddiqin
The Beloved Prophet Muhammad Mustafa Salla Allahu ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam is the last Prophet and there is no prophet after him. But people can still aspire to spiritual progress, acquire taqwa (piety) and saintliness and become Awliya Allah (friends of Allah). And the highest spiritual state after the anbiya (prophets), belongs to the siddiqin (the truthful). That is why the Beloved Prophet Muhammad Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam taught us to make the supplication:
Allahummaj 'alnaa min-as-siddiqin
- O' Allah make us among the truthful
Well, Shaykh Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu manifested to the world that he ranked among the siddiqin at the ripe age of 18. At that age, his thirst for knowledge and eagerness for the company of the Awliya Allah (friends of Allah) took him to the city of Baghdad.
It is related that as he was about to leave home on this momentous journey, his widowed mother sewed forty gold coins inside his coat as part of his inheritance, and as parting advice told him to be forever truthful. The caravan with which he was travelling had gone as far as Hamadan when it was attacked by a gang of robbers. In the course of their loot, one of the robbers asked him whether he had anything with him and he truthfully replied that he had forty gold coins sewn in his coat. The robber obviously thought he was joking and narrated this incident to his chief who decided to see this young man. When his coat was torn open, sure enough there were forty gold coins. The gang leader was astounded. He asked Shaykh Abd'al Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu as to why he revealed this when he could have kept it secret. Shaykh Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu told him that his mother had advised him not to lie and he was duty bound to obey his mother, Hearing this, the gang leader was overtaken with remorse, repented, accepted Shaykh Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu as his Shaykh and so did all his followers and they went on to acquire wilayah (sainthood) themselves. This is how Shaykh Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu came to be ranked among the Siddiqin. Allahummaj 'alnaa min-as-Siddiqin, Aameen Yaa Rabbal 'Aalamin.
This incident has been narrated in almost all the biographies of the Shaykh, among them being 'Qalaid al-Jawahir' (Necklaces of Gems, p. 33), one of the earliest and major biographies, by Shaykh Muhammad ibn Yahya at-Tadifi Rahmatullahi alayh (passed away 963 A.H, 1556 C.E)
Sayyad Abdur Rahim ibn Muhammad Ismail Shirazi Rahmatullahi alayh has captured the essence of this incident most beautifully in the following verse of his urdu poem on Hadrat Ghawth al A'zam:
Choron pay tum nay kar kay tawajjoh
Abdal banaaya 'aali shaan
Yaa Ghawth al A'zam ajab tumhaaree shaan
Focusing your spiritual glance at the thieves
You turned them into great saints
O, the great helper, your stature is truly astounding
(Gulzare Tayyiba, The Pleasant Garden, vol. 3, p. 18)
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
BIRTH
He was born in Ramadan AH 470 (CE 1077) in the Persian province of Jilan (Iran) south of the Caspian sea.
His mother was Umm al-Khair [Mother of Goodness] Amat al-Jabbar [Maidservant of the All-Compelling One] Fatima, the daughter of Shaykh 'Abdu'llah as-Sawma'i al-Husaini az-Zahid. She had an abundant share of goodness and righteousness. It is related of her that she used to say: "When I gave birth to my son, 'Abd al-Qadir, he would not suck my breast during the daytime of Ramadan. The new moon of Ramadan was hidden by clouds, so people came and asked me about him, and I told them: 'He has not sipped a breast today.' It thus became obvious that the day was the first of Ramadan." The word then spread throughout the towns of Jilan, that a son had been born to the nobles, and that this was a child who refused to be suckled during the daytime in Ramadan. It was also said that his mother had become pregnant with him when she was sixty years of age. It is said that no woman of sixty carries a child, unless she be a woman of Quraish, and no woman of fifty carries a child, unless she be an Arab woman.
When she gave birth to him (may Allah be well pleased with him), he was received by the hand of gracious favour, and he was surrounded by enabling guidance, behind him and in front of him. He never ceased to be nurtured (may Allah be well pleased with him) in the lap of noble kindness, nourished with the milk of blessings, guarded in safekeeping, watched over with providential care.
Education
Through the mists of legend surrounding the life of Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani [May Allah sanctify his secret] it is possible to discern the outlines of the following biographical sketch:
In 488h, at the age of eighteen, he left his native province to become a student in the great capital city of Baghdad, the hub of political, commercial and cultural activity, and the center of religious learning in the world of Islam. After studying traditional sciences under such teachers as the prominent Hanbali jurist [faqih], Abu Sa'd 'Ali al-Mukharrimi alayhir rahman, he encountered a more spiritually oriented instructor in the saintly person of Abu'l-Khair Hammad ad-Dabbas alayhir rahman. Then, instead of embarking on his own professorial career, he abandoned the city and spent twenty-five years as a wanderer in the desert regions of 'Iraq.
He was over fifty years old by the time he returned to Baghdad, in A.H. 521/1127 C.E., and began to preach in public. His hearers were profoundly affected by the style and content of his lectures, and his reputation grew and spread through all sections of society. He moved into the school [madrasa] belonging to his old teacher al-Mukharrimi, but the premises eventually proved inadequate. In A.H. 528, pious donations were applied to the construction of a residence and guesthouse [ribat], capable of housing the Shaykh and his large family, as well as providing accommodation for his pupils and space for those who came from far and wide to attend his regular sessions [majalis]. He lived to a ripe old age, and continued his work until his very last breath, as we know from the accounts of his final moments recorded in the Addendum to Revelations of the Unseen.
FAMILY
Shaykh Abd 'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu had four wives, each a model of virtue and devoted to him. He had forty-nine children, twenty-seven sons and twenty-two daughters. Four of his sons, Shaykh Abd 'al-Wahhab, Shaykh Isa, Shaykh Abd 'al-Razzaq and Shaykh Musa became famous for their education and learning. This is how Shaykh Tosun al-Halveti explains about the daily life of Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu : "He himself had given all of himself to Allah. His nights passed with little or no sleep in secluded prayer and meditation. He spent his days like a true follower of the Most Beloved Prophet Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam in the service of humanity. Three times a week he would deliver public sermons to thousands of people. Every day in the morning and the afternoon he gave lessons in Quranic commentary, Prophetic traditions, theology, religious law and tasawwuf. He spent the time after the midday prayer giving advice and consultation to people, whether beggars or kings, who would come from all parts of the world. Before sunset prayers, rain or shine, he took to the streets to distribute bread among the poor. As he spent all his days in fasting he would eat only once a day, after sunset prayer, and never alone. His servants would stand at his door asking passers-by if they were hungry, so that they could share his table." (Sirr al-Asrar, p XLIV)
Spread of Islam Through Sufi Saints
Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu as the model of a Sufi saint, through his nasiha, azkaar and salawaat, through giving a living reality to Islam, in his complete surrender to the Will of Allah and in his showing of tawakkul (trust in Allah) and through his teachings and preachings converted more than five thousand Jews and Christians to Islam while more than a hundred thousand ruffians, outlaws, murderers, thieves and bandits repented and became devout Muslims and gentle dervishes, explains Shaykh Tosun Bayrak al-Jerrahi al-Halveti in his Introduction to Sirr al-asrar, p xxxi. And the halaqa of zikr (DHIKR congregations) which he instituted have continued to attract millions of people to Islam through centuries and will continue to do so, Insha-Allah, till the Day of Judgement, Aameen.
A few examples suffice to illustrate this. The first example is that of KHAWAJA MUIN AL-DIN CHISTI Rahmatullahi ta'ala alaih who acknowledged Shaykh Abd' al-Qadir al-Jilani as his Shaykh and spread Islam in India among the Hindus. He achieved such a high spiritual stature that he is called Sultan al Hind (the sultan of saints in the Indian sub-continent) and all the saints in that region are under his banner while he is under the banner of the Ghawth al-A'zam. In the same way Shaykh Uways ibn Muhammad Rahmatullahi alaih of Somalia became a khalifa in Tariqat al Qadiriyya at the shrine of Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani in Baghdad and spread Islam in the whole of Eastern Africa through congregations of Dhikr. And Shaykh Hamzah Fansuri, considered to be the greatest saint in Indonesia and Malaysia proudly proclaimed that he learned Islam from Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani.
It can truly be said that the mureedeen and muhibbeen (loving disciples) of Shaykh barakaat Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu have spread Islam throughout the world through Dhikr. The (blessings) of Dhikr are truly unending. May Allah Ta'ala make us among the Zaakireen, Aameen.
And the granting of wilayah (the stature of a saint) by Allah Ta'ala to the Zaakireen (those who remember Him), aabideen (those who worship Him) and muhibbeen (those who love the Beloved Prophet) is in all instances mediated by the Most Beloved Prophet Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam, Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani and one's own Shaykh. After all the awliya and the ulama (learned) are the Khalifatullah, vicegerants of Allah. And one must always aspire to wilayah so that one becomes 'Aarif Billah (knower of Allah).
Allahummaj 'alna minal 'aarifeen, Aameen Yaa Rabbal Aalameen.
The Spiritual Roots of Shaykh 'Abd al Qadir Jilani
Any tariqa has a silsila or spiritual chain linking the teachings of the Shaykh to the teachings of the Beloved Prophet Muhammad, Sallallahu 'alayhi wa Sallam. The spiritual roots of Shaykh 'Abd al Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu 'Anhu are traced back to the Beloved Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, as follows:
Imam u'l Anbiya, Sayyidina wa Mawlana Muhammad ibn 'Abdillah, Nurin min Nurillah,
(53 B.H-11 A.H; 571-632 C.E), the master of
Sayyiduna'l Imam 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (23 B.H-40 A.H; 600-661 C.E), the father of
Sayyid-ush-shuhadaa Imam Husayn ibn 'Ali (4-61 A.H), the father of
Sayyidina Imam Zayn u'l 'Abidin 'Ali ibn Husayn (38-94 A.H), the father of
Sayyidina Imam Muhammad al-Baqir ibn 'Ali (59-114 A.H), the father of
Sayyidina Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq (83-148 A.H), the father of
Sayyidina Imam Musa al-Kazim (passed away 182 A.H), the father of
Sayyidina Imam 'Ali ar-Rida (passed away 203 A.H), the master of
Sayyidina Shaykh Ma'ruf al-Karkhi (passed away 201 A.H/817 C.E), the master of
Sayyidina Shaykh as-Sari as-Saqati (passed away 251 A.H/866 C.E), the master of
Sayyidina Shaykh Abu'l Qasim, Junayd al-Baghdadi (passed away 298 A.H/910 C.E),
the master of
Sayyidina Shaykh Abu Bakr ibn Jahdar ash-Shibli (passed away 334 A.H/945 C.E),
the master of
Sayyidina Shaykh 'Abdul Wahid at-Tamimi, the master of
Sayyidina Shaykh Abu'l Faraj at-Tarsusi
(Abu'l Farah according to some narrations, instead of Abu'l Faraj), the master of
Sayyidina Shaykh Abu'l Hasan, al-Qurashi al-Hakaari, the master of
Sayyidina Shaykh Qadi Abu Sa'id al-Mubarak al-Makhzumi (passed away 513 A.H),
the master of
Sayyidina Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (470-561 A.H; 1077-1166 C.E).
(Cited in al-Jawhar u'n Nafis, The Most Precious Pearls p. 34).
Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Rahmatullahi 'alayh, (1272-1340 A.H, 1856-1921 C.E) has versified on these spiritual roots in "Shajara Qadiriyya" ("The Spiritual Tree of the Qadiriyya Spiritual Masters"), in Hadaaiqi Bakhshish (The Gardens of Gifts, p. 65-66).
It has been narrated in 'Qalaid al-Jawahir' (Necklaces of Gems) by Shaykh Muhammad ibn Yahya at-Tadifi, Rahmatullahi 'alayh that Shaykh 'Abdul Qadir Jilani Radi Allahu 'Anhu did not start preaching in Baghdad until he reached the age of 50. Before that, for many years, he was a wandering darwish in the wilderness of Iraq practicing zuhd (abstinence), totally immersed in the worship of Allah. Then the Beloved Prophet Sayyidina Muhammad, Allah bless him and give him peace, and Amir u'l Mu'minin Sayyidina 'Ali, may Allah ennoble his face, came to him in a dream to bless him and to encourage him to start preaching in Baghdad. This then was the direct ijaza (permission) to him to preach from the Beloved Prophet himself who is the Madinat u'l 'ilm (the City of Knowledge) as well as from Sayyidina 'Ali who is Bab u'l 'ilm (the Gate of Knowledge). With such an ijaza, was there anything that the beloved Piran-e-Pir (Shaykh of Shaykhs), Dastagir (the helping hand) could not accomplish?
Works
Books by Shaykh Abd 'al Qadir al Jilani [Allah be pleased with him]
Courtesy of Al Baz Publishing
Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar
(The Book of the Secret of Secrets and the Manifestation of Lights)
Futuh al-Ghaib (Revelations of the Unseen)
78 discourses, fairly short and to the point but very powerful.
Al-Fath ar-Rabbani (The Sublime Revelation)
62 discourses definitely longer, given in the Ribaat and Madrasa in Baghdad AH 545-546.
Jala' al-Khawatir (The Removal of Cares)
45 discourses, also in the same locations, given in the year AH 546.
Malfuzat (Utterances of Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir)
This is a collection of various sayings and short sections of what the Shaikh said.Generally it is found at the end of the hand copied Arabic manuscripts of Fath ar-Rabbani.
Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq
(Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth)
also known in the Indian sub-continent as Al-Ghunya li-Talibin
These five volumes, written by the Shaikh at the request of one of his murids, is a comprehensive guide to all aspects of Islam, both the inward and the outward.
Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban (Fifteen Letters)
These are 15 letters originally written in Persian by Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir to one of his murids.
Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniyya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
Bashair al-Khairat (Glad Tidings of Good Things)
A Salawat by Shaykh Abd al-Qadir by way of inspiration from Allah.
Answers to Various Important Questions by Shaikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani
Contains many concise answers to very important questions regarding a variety of topics.
Special Prayers by Shaikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani
Contains many special invocations taught to us by the Shaikh for their special blessings.
Shaikh Abd al-Qadir - Gate of Poverty
Contains the story excerpted from Necklaces of Gems of the Shaikh's struggle with the Devil Armies, Iblis himself, and his lower self (nafs)
Preachings
"Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the first and last, outwardly and inwardly, as many times as the number of His creations and equal to the measures of His words and to the weight of His throne, and to the extent of His own pleasure and to the number of all thins single and in pairs, and things that are wet and dry, and of all that our Lord has created and spread for ever, and in all its purity and blessedness. Praise be to Him, Who has created and then made complete and who has made thins according to their measure and guided them to their goal; to Him who cause death and gives life, who makes one laugh and weep; who gives food and drink; who gives one good and bad luck; by Whose command, the seven strong heavens stand and the mountains are fixed like pegs, and the spread out of the earth is staged and in Whose mercy no one can be disappointed and from Whose planning and enforcement of order and dignity and command, no one can escape, and to Whose service no one can be averse, and of Whose blessings no one can be devoid of.
He is praised, because He has been loving and is offered thanks, because he affords safety. He confers benefits on us, protects and keeps us safe, gives us life and keeps away from us all that injures and gives us trouble, and all these just out of His mercy and compassion and as an act of absolute favour, and because of His will to give us standing protection in our expressions and actions both private and open and in our reticence and in our plight and in our pleasure."
"Surely he is the Absolute Doer of whatever He likes and orders whatever He wills, and knows whatever is hidden, and is informed of all affairs and conditions, both of sins and errors as well as acts of obedience and states of nearness of Him, and I ears and accepts all prayers from whomsoever, He likes and wills, without any contentions and hesitation. His favours on his servants are in abundance and ceaselessly at all hours of nights and day and in all conditions, as He has said “If you enumerate the favours of Allah you will not be able to count them” And whatever of blessings is with you, it is from Allah."
Blessings be then upon His chosen Prophet Muhammad (Peace and Blessings be upon him), and any one who follows what he has pronounced receives guidance and whoever turns away from him is misguided and perishes, the truthful Prophet of recognized truthfulness, abstainer from the World, and seeker of the High, the one who has been, from among all his creatures, the selected one, with whose advent the Truth has come and with whose appearance, falsehood has disappeared and with whose light the earth is illuminated. Blessings pure and abundant are upon him as also on the pure among his offsprings and companions, and his followers, together waits His favour.
"Three things are indispensable for a believer in all conditions of life" said Hadrat Ghawth al Azam. He should:
1. Keep the commandments of Allah;
2. Abstain from forbidden things; and
3. Be pleased with the decree of Providence.
"A Muslim" he said, should follow faithfully, in the footsteps of the Prophet (Peace and Blessings be upon him) and should not create innovations and remain obedient to Allah and His Prophet (Peace and Blessings be upon him). He should not ascribe any partner to Him nor ascribe any evil to Him but should maintain His truth without any doubt, and remain patient and firm without running away.
"Apply to Allah for your needs, but do not feel annoyed; but wait. Be united in obedience and do not be disunited. Love on another and do not bear spite towards one another. Keep free from vices and do not be contaminated or defiled by them. Beautify yourself with obedience to your Lord. Do not keep away from the doors of Your Master and do not refrain from being attentive to Him. Do not delay your repentance but return to Him. Do not feel weary of seeking forgiveness from your creator at any time during day and night. If you do so, may be, mercy will be shown to you and you will have good luck and be kept away from hell fire. Be united with Allah and enjoy His blessings."
"The first thing which a man of intelligence should see is the condition and composition of his own self, and then of the other creations and inventions. Then he would infer from them the existence of their Creator and Originator, because, creation indicates the creator, and the underlying strong power is the pointer to the wise Actor behind it, because all things are in existence through Allah."
"In every thing there is an attribute from the attributes of Allah, and every name is a sign for one of His names. So surely you are between His names and His attributes and works, inwardly through His power and outwardly through His wisdom. He is manifest in His attributes and concealed in His person. His person is concealed in His attributes and His attributes are concealed in His works. And He had revealed His knowledge through His will and expressed His will in movements. And He has concealed His skill and His workmanship through His will. So He is hidden in His invisibility and He is manifest in His wisdom and power. There is nothing like a likeness of Him and He is bearing and seeing."
"Keep away from disobedience to Allah, the exalted, and the Glorious, with utmost effort, and cling to His door with truth. And apply all your power effort in obeying Hum with apologies and entreaties, showing your readiness, in silence with down cast looks not looking at people nor following your animal desires, nor seeking any recompense, whether of this world or of the hereafter, nor yet any promotion to higher positions or honorable stations. And know it for certain that you are His servant, and all that the servant possesses belongs to his Master, so that he cannot any thing against Him."
"Observe good manners and do not blame your Master. Every thing is in an appointed measure with Him. What he puts forward, no one can push back and whatever He keeps back, no one can push forward. Nothing keeps you off from the favour of Allah and His direct blessings, excepting your reliance on people, and means, and arts and crafts, and earnings. Thus people become a barrier to you. Thus, so long as you remain with people, that is, you yearn for their gifts and favours and solicit from them with expectations at their doors, you are then associating Allah’s creation with Him."
"Then, when you have renounced your hopes with the people and your associating them with your Lord, you would have thrown away polytheism. If you have discarded your reliances on your earnings, ability, and power, then you testify Allah that He is the Giver of livelihood, and Creator of causes of care and of strength for earning and Giver of power over everything good."
"Thus you turn towards Him and throw yourself before Him, the Mighty and the Glorious, when he lifts the veil that intervenes between you and His favour and opens the door of sustenance by His favour at every time of necessity, who is also a fried of the patient as a protection from Him, the Mighty and the Glorious in order to keep you clear from any inclination towards what is besides Him. He thus pleases you by his favours. Thus, when he removes from your heart every purpose and every desire and every pleasure and every object, there remains nothing in your heart excepting His purpose."
"Thus He wants to bring to you your allotted share which cannot escape from you and which is not meant for any one else from among his creation. He will create in you a desire for that share and will direct it to you, so it will reach you at the time of your need. Then He will give you strength to be grateful to him and he will direct it to you and give it to you as your sustenance so that you may be grateful to Him and may recognise and know it. Thus this will increase your desire for aloofness from people and distance from men and for emptiness of your heart from whatever is besides Him."
"Then when your knowledge has been strengthened as also your certainty, and your heart has expanded and is illuminated, and your nearness to Allah and your position with Him, and your trustworthiness and worthiness in the matter of guarding His secrets have been increased thereby, you will be given knowledge before hand as to when your share will come to you as a sign in your favour, and as an exaltation of your dignity. This is a favour from Him and an act of kindness and guidance." Allah the Exalted and Glorious says "Those who strive hard for US, we will most certainly guide them in our ways."
"And fear Allah and He will teach you then, He will invest you with the power of controlling the Universe, with a clear permission, which will have no obscurity in it and with clear signs which will be bright like the bright sun and with sweet words which will be sweeter than all sweet things, and with true revelation without any ambiguity and will be free from any evil suggestion of the animal self and from the promptings of the devil, the accursed."
"O child of Adam, I am Allah, nothing deserves to be worshipped excepting me. I say to a thing 'Be' it will likewise come into being. Obey Me, I will make you so that if you say to a thing 'Be' it will likewise come into being." And He has endowed this gift to many of His Prophets (peace be upon him) and Awliyas and people specially favoured from among the children of Adam."
"Verily there is nothing excepting Allah and yourself and you are the addresser. The self of man is opposed to Allah and inimical to Him and all things are subordinate to Allah. The Self of a man really belongs to Allah as a creation and as a possession and the self of man entertains presumptions, wherefrom arises false hopes and passions and sexual pleasure. So if you ally yourself with Truth by opposing yourself and becoming hostile to it you will belong to Allah said to Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him) "Dawood I am your unavoidable Resort, so hold firmly to this Resort. True servitude consists in your becoming inimical to your own self for my sake." It is then that your friendliness towards Allah and servitude to Him will become a proved fact. And it is then that you will get your share of things holy, wholesome, and pleasant. ; You will then become dear and honourable and everything will become your servant and render you homage and will be afraid of you; because all of them are subordinate to their Allah and in harmony with Him, since He is their Creator and Originator and they acknowledge their servitude to Him."
Allah says, "And there is nothing that does not glority Him with His praises, but you do not understand their prayers." "Do not follow your low desires because they will lead you astray from the path of Allah." "Shun your low desires because there is nothing that contends with me in my kingdom excepting the carnal desire of man." And there is a famous incident related to Abu Yazid Bustami that when he saw Allah the Almighty in his dream, he asked Him "How can one get at you?" Allah said, "Discard yourself and come to me." Thus all good, lies in fighting one's self in everything and in all conditions of life.
"Get out from your own self and be away from it and be a stranger to your sense of self and surrender everything to Allah. Become His gatekeeper at the door of your heart and keep his commandment by admitting whomsoever he permits to be admitted, and honour His prohibition by keeping away from every thing, which He forbids. Do not will anything, which is not the will of Allah. Any will of yours, which is not the will of Allah, is the wilderness of the fools. It is death for you and a curse of falling away from the sight of Allah and of screening Him away from yourself if you are in this wilderness. Always guard the commandment of Allah and abstain from His prohibitions and surrender to Him always in all that He has ordered and do not associate with Him anything from His creation. Polytheism consists not merely of idol worship. It is also polytheism if you follow the desire of the flesh to adopt anything of this world and of the hereafter in association with Allah. Because whatever is besides Allah, is not Allah. Thus when you are engaged in anything, which is besides Him, you are undoubtedly associating that other thing with Allah.
Therefore, be aware and do not remain indifferent; seek and then alone will you attain security. Do not ascribe any condition and position of yours to your own self and do not claim anything among these, for yourself. Thus, if you are placed in any condition or raised to any position do not speak of it to any one. Because in the changing circumstances from day to day, the glory of Allah manifests itself in an ever-new aspect and Allah intervenes between His servants and their hearts. It may be that the thing about which you may speak may be removed from you and the thing, which you think to be permanent and abiding, may under go a change so that you will be put to shame before those to whom you spoke about them. You should rather reserve the knowledge of this within your own self and should not communicate it to others. Then if the things continue in existence, know it to be the gift of Allah and ask for power to be thankful and for an increase in the favours of Allah. But if the thing ceases to exist, it will bring progress and light and wakefulness and regard. So do not ascribe any shortcoming to His decree and His procedure and do not entertain doubt about His promise.
All good lies in being regardful of the existing condition and in being contended with it and in warding off desires for any thing, which is besides it. Because such things must be either one that is allotted to you or one, which is allotted to nobody, but has been created by Allah as a trail. So if it is destined for you, it is bound to come to you, whether you like it or dislike it.
It is not proper, therefore, that any unmanned lines should be manifested from you or by any greed in your desire for it, because it is disapproved by the standards of intelligence and knowledge. If it is destined for another man, why should your, bear ill will for a thing, which you could not get, which is never destined to reach your hands? It is a thing, which but to fall to the lot of any man to whom it is only a trail. How can an intelligent person like and approve that he should call for himself a trial and yet actively seek for it. Thus it is proved that good and safety lie wholly in paying regard to the existing condition. When Allah the Mighty and Glorious gives you wealth and you are diverted by it from obedience to Him, He screens you away, on account of it from Himself both in this world and as well as in the hereafter. And it is also possible that He may take away the gift from you and change you and reduce you to poverty as a punishment for your turning away from the Giver.
And if you engage yourself with obedience to Him and become indifferent towards the wealth, Allah will make a free gift of it to you and will not lesson it even by an atom. Remember wealth is your servant and you are the servant of the Lord. Therefore, live in this world under His loving care and in the hereafter honourably and in the garden of Abiding residence in the company of the truthful (Siddiq) the witnesses (Shahids) and the virtuous (Salih).
Do not ask from Allah, the Mighty the Glorious, any thing other than forgiveness of your past sins and protection from sins in the present and the future and the power of goodly obedience, in order to perform His commandments and to abstain from prohibited things and to be pleased with even the bitterness of the decree of Providence and to be patient in the fact of abundance of comforts and gifts and lastly to die achieving a good end of the life in order to become united with the Prophet, Siddiques and Shahids and virtuous men, who are a goodly band of companions.
"He has kept the knowledge of things hidden from you and He is alone in His knowledge of good and evil of things. Allah knows what is good and what is bad and you do not know."
Never be proud of your own deeds. The best course for you is to give thanks and praise to the helper and to praise Him continuously and to ascribe your achievement to Him in all conditions of your life unless it is evil, and sinful acts, should be ascribed to your own self.
You should ascribe to your own self injustice and bad manners and blame yourself for these, for it is your own self, which had deserved these things more than any one else, since it is the seat of all-evil is also your self. When all grants prayer of a servant of His and gives him what he asks for, His own purpose does not thereby become frustrated. On the contrary such a prayer is in conformity with the object of the Lord and occurs in time. So the acceptance of the prayer and the fulfillment of the needs take place in due time and in accordance with a set plan which Destiny has arranged before hand in the beginning of time which have been marking time for fulfillment at the appointed hour.
Do not say, I will not pray for anything to Allah because if the prayed for object has been allotted to me, it will surely come to me whether I ask for it or not. Whereas if it is not in my lot, He will not give it to me even if I ask for it. No, You should ask from Him all that you want and need of good things of this world and of the hereafter, provided there be nothing in it which is forbidden and injurious, because Allah has commanded us to ask from Him and has urged us to do so in that respect. ; He says in the Noble Quran "Call on me, I will accept your prayers." "Ask from Allah His favours.” ‘Ask from Allah while you are fully confident of the acceptance of your prayers." You should persist in your prayers to Him, so that if it is a thing, which is allotted to you, He will send it to you after you have asked for it, and thus increase your faith and certainty in realising His unity. He will help you in keeping away from soliciting from people and in diverting you to Him in all your conditions and in enhancing your confidence that all your needs are fulfilled by Him.
And if it is not in your lot, He will give you self sufficiency with regard to it and will give you pleasure with Himself, the Mighty and the Glorious, inspite of your poverty. And if you are in the midst of poverty and illness, He will make you pleased to reconcile yourself with such affliction.
And if it is a question of debt He will turn the heart of the lender from an attitude of severe demand into that of gentleness towards you; and of deferment and of provision of facility up to the time when it is convenient for you to repay the debt or make a reduction of it, or to a mood which will make him write off the debt. But if it is not written off in your behalf or reduced in this world, Allah, the Almighty, the Glorious, will give you in the life after death a considerable amount of reward in exchange for what He has not given you in response to your prayers in this world, because He is generous, free from want and merciful. He will not disappoint one who prays to Him to this world and in the hereafter. So it cannot but bring in some benefit and acquisition, sooner or later.
A saying of the Beloved Prophet (peace be upon him) runs to the effect that the believer will see in the record of his deeds, on the Day of Judgement, some acts of merit which he had not performed nor was aware of them. So he will be asked, "Do you not know where these are from." So it will be said to him. Surely this is in recompense of your petitions which you made in your prayers to Allah, the Mighty, the Glorious whom you were remembering and acknowledging His unity, keeping things in their proper places, and giving a person his due, and discarding the assumption of Might and power to your own self and renouncing pride and vanity and boastfulness. All these constitute good deeds, for which there has been a reward in the eye of Allah, the mighty, the Glorious.
Do not say 'O penniless man; from whom the world and its people have turned away their face, who is without any fame, and is hungry and thirsty, Whose body is meager of clothing, who wanders about every corner of the world, in every mosque and in every desolate place and is yet turned away from every door, and who is fed up and disappointed with all the desires and longings of his heart, that Allah has made me so poor and deprived the world from me and brought about my fall and has forsaken me as an enemy and made me distracted and denied me of any composure of mind and has not given me enough in this world and has reduced me to obscurity and has not made my name exalted among people and my brothers, while He has given other plenty of His blessings and made them superior to me and to the people of my house, although both of us are Muslims and believers, and have our common mother in Eve and common father in Adam, the best of mankind.
Well, Allah has dealt with you in this manner because your nature is pure and the moisture of the Mercy of Allah is to come to you incessantly in the form of patience and cheerful surrender. Certainty and reconcilement and knowledge and the light of the faith and of monotheism are to be heaped on you. Then the tree of your faith with its root and seed will be established and it will become firm and grow and spread out shady branches, shooting forth twigs. Thus, every day it will enlarge a will grow without need for any manure to help its growth and development. The things which Allah has allotted to you will come to you in due time whether you welcome it or are averse to it. So you should not be greedy or eager for what will be yours. And do not feel sorry for what is meant for another person and not for you. What is in your possession must be either of the two, yours or another person’s.
Now if it were yours it will come to you and you would be drawn towards it and the meeting will take place very soon. And what is not yours, you will be turned away from it and it will turn away from you, and so there will be no meeting between your and the thing. So be occupied in the best manner with what you are after in the time present before you in obeying your Lord. Do not raise your head nor pay any heed towards what is besides Him. Allah says in the Noble Quran, "And do not stretch your eyes after that with which we have provided different classes of them (of) the splendour of this world's life, that we may thereby try them; and sustenance (given) by your Lord is better and more abiding."
"So certainly Allah has forbidden you to pay attention to anything else but that, on which He has maintained you and has given you your provision of obedience, and has bestowed on you out of His all, otment provisions and favour. And He has warned you that whatever is besides possess a trait with which He has been trying them (others) and that your cheerful acceptance of your portion is better for you and purer and preferable. So let this be your way and resort; your objective and longing through which you will attain every object and reach every station to receive blessing, freshness and joy. Allah has said in the Noble Qur'an, "No soul knows what is in store for them of that which will refresh the eyes, a reward for what they did." So there is no deed beyond the five prescribed ways of service, eschewing all sins. There is nothing greater and more honourable and more liked by and pleasing to Allah than what we have mentioned for you already. May Allah by his favour give you and us the power to do what is liked by him and is pleasing to Him?
Therefore, cultivate patience and cheerful submission; pay regard to the present and practice obscurity; remain quiet, composed, and silent; Be aware; Make good your escape; Make haste, Fear Allah; And again fear Allah; Cast down your looks; Turn away your eyes; Be modest; till the destined reaches its appointed time and you are taken by your hand and brought to the forefront.
Then will be removed from you all that you feel heavy, after which you will be made to plunge in an ocean of favours and kindness and mercy; and will be clothed with the robe of light and Divine secretes and rare knowledge. Then you will be made near and spoken to, and given gifts, and made free from need, and made courageous and exalted, and addressed with the words, "Surely you are in our presence to day in honourable and faithful one."
Then guess and appraise from the condition of Yoosuf when he was addressed through the tongue of the king of Egypt, its chief. Apparently it was the tongue of the king that was speaking, but in fact, the speaker was Allah, who was speaking through the tongue of knowledge. To Yoosuf was given the material kingdom, namely the kingdom of knowledge both spiritual and intellectual, and of nearness to Allah, and of distinction and high position before Allah. Thus it is that Allah says "And thus did we give to Yoosuf power in the land, he had mastery in it wherever he liked." The land here stands for Egypt. With regard to kingdom of Spirit, Allah says, "Thus (it was) that we might turn away from him evil and indecency, surely he was one of our sincere servants."
With regard to the kingdom of knowledge he says, "This is what my Lord has taught me; surely I have forsaken the religion of a people who do not believe in Allah." When you are thus addressed O truthful one, you are given an ample share of great knowledge and blessed with strength, goodness, power and saintliness, and an order which affects the spiritual and non spiritual matters and are vested with the power of creation, with the permission of Allah, of things in this world even before the coming of the hereafter. Then in the hereafter, you will be in the abode of peace in Paradise. And the sight of the countenance of Allah will be an additional favour, which is an objective without limit or end.
It is a parting advice of mine that you should never complain about any mishap that may befall on you to any one either a friend or a foe. You should not blame your Lord for what He does to you, and for His test of you. You should rather give publicity to what good happens to be with you and to express your thankfulness on that account. Who is there that is devoid of the blessing of Allah? The mighty and Glorious says "And if you count the blessings of Allah, you will not be able to enumerate them." How many are the blessings with you, but you do not recognise them, you should look to no body else, because in nothing else is there harm of good or appropriation or renunciation or honour or dishonour or elevation or fall or poverty or affluence or movement or pause. Matter is the creation of Allah, and in the hand of Allah lays the source of its movement by His command and permission. It continues to exist up to a time fixed by Him. And every thing exists according to a measure so fixed by Him. Whatever He has made posterior can by any means be made anterior and whatever He has made anterior can by any means be made posterior. If any harm is to befall you, no one can avert it excepting Him. And if any good is to accrue to you, no one can withhold His favour.
Thus if you complain against Him while you are in comfort enjoying some of his blessings in your desire for an increase of them, shutting your eyes to what has been bestowed upon you as very poor you will offend Allah. He will remove them from you and make your own false complaint real and double your misery and intensify His chastisement and anger and displeasure for you. He will make you fall off from His sight. Therefore, beware of complaint, even if your flesh is cut into pieces by means of scissors. Save yourself, Fear Allah, Fear Allah, Fear Allah.
Verily most of the various calamities that befall the son of Adam are due to complaint against his Lord. How can one complain against Him? He is the most Merciful of the merciful ones and the Best of all judges Patient, Aware, Compassionate, Merciful, and kind towards His servants. He is not unjust to His servants and is like a patient, affectionate, loving, and kind physician related to the patient. Can any fault be found in an affectionate and kindhearted father or mother? The Beloved Prophet (Peace and Blessings be upon him) has said, "Allah is more merciful towards His servants than a mother is towards her son," O' poor man; show the utmost of good manners. Exhibit patience at the time of calamity, even if you become exhausted by patience. Hold on to patience, even if you get exhausted through your cheerful submission to and harmony with Allah.
In the self of a man, there are various kinds of sins, faults and blemishes, on account of which he becomes unworthy of the company of Allah. Unless purged of impurities of sins, no one can kiss His threshold. None other than those who are purified from the dirt of self-conceit can kiss His threshold just as no one can be worthy of the company of kings, except those who are cleaned of impurities, bad smell and dirt. Thus, calamities are atonements and purifiers. The Beloved Prophet (Peace and Blessings be upon him) has said, "The fever of one day is an atonement for the sins of a whole year."
Regard good and evil as two fruits coming out from two branches of one single tree. One of the two branches yields sweet fruit and the other bitter. So you leave cities and countries and their outskirts where fruits plucked from this tree are sent, and keep away from them and their people. But approach the tree itself and become its guard and attendant servant, and acquire knowledge of these two branches and of the two varieties of fruits emerging there from and remain near the branch, which yield the sweet fruits. Then it will be your food and your course of strength. But beware, lest you should approach the other branch and eat the fruit thereof, because its bitterness shall kill you. When you persist in this attitude, you will be in ease, in security and safety from all misery because troubles and tribulations are born of this bitter fruit.
"O, you who believe, be patient and excel in patience and remain steadfast and be careful of your duty to Allah."
He has commanded you to be patient, 'O, believer, then to see one another cultivate patience. To be steadfast and to remain on guard and to make this incumbent on yourself. He further warns you against discarding patience in the words, "Be careful of your duty to Allah" when referring to discarding this virtue. Thus good and safety lie in patience. And the Beloved Prophet (Peace and Blessings be upon him) has said,
"Patience stands in the same relation to faith, as the head stands in relation to the body."
And it is also said "for everything there is a reward according to a measure but for the reward of patience, its prize has no measure." And Allah says,
"Verily the patient will be given their reward without any measure."
Karamat
The Walis (saints) of Allah, acting on behalf and under the stamp of the Beloved Prophet (Peace and blessings be upon him) and not proclaiming their existence and position' until commanded by Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala serve humanity, by their preccipts and examples and pray incessantly for the general forgiveness of human sins.
The idea regarding the existence of such Walis and their approach towards some form of intercession for humanity is borne out by Verses 20-27 of Sura Yasin, a perusal of which will show that even among a nation doomed to destruction for its inequities, there live persons who testify to the truth of a Prophet appearing among them by their powers of reality, recognising the will of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. The event is begun with the following words, "And from the remote part of the country there came a man running who said, O' my people follow this Messenger, "The story of the Prophet Loot alayhi asalam given in Sura Hud, gives an indication to the effect that punishment for the sin of a nation is averted by the presence of an eminent man of spiritually.
The defernment of such punishment is out of deference to a spiritual personality living in its midst. The punishment of the Quraysh was deferred till the migration of the Beloved Prophet (Peace and blessings be upon him) from Makkah. The Qur'an al kareem lay down this principle in so many words:
"Nor is Allah going to chastise them while you are among them" (8:33).
The well known hadith ascribing to Allah the Words "One who is hostile to my Wali receives an announcement of War from me" presents only the counterpart of this idea. Because if hostility to a Wali excites the wrath of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala it follows that the attention and prayers of the Wali can induce the mercy of Allah. Of course the Awliya spoken of are Walis of the Eminence like that of Hadrat Ghawth al A'zam Sayyadina Shaykh 'Abd 'al-Qadir Muhiy al-Din al Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu.
Miracles are abnormal and extra-ordinary acts that can only be performed by the privileged few like the Prophets and Walis of Allah. Perhaps such acts may sound illogical to the rationalist. But they do occur and are beyond ordinary comprehensive. The parting of the Red Sea for the Prophet Musa alayhi asalam and such like events are examples. Even in the life of ordinary mortals, miracles occur, by the mercy of Allah, to save them from catastrophes or accidents.
The miracles (karamat) of Hadrat Ghawth al A'zam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu recorded are innumerable, when compared to other Saints. Of these innumerable miracles, a few are given below.
After Hadrat Ghawth al Azam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu settled down in Baghdad remarkable stories about his power circulated in Baghdad. The day to day increase in the circulation of such stories made a large number of great scholars of the town to decide to visit him, altogether in other to test his knowledge by posing one, hundred difficult questions. On their arrival, Hadrat foretold them of their purpose and gave each question the correct answer, even profounding to them explanations beyond the limits of their comprehension on their own special subjects. This thought reading was daily manifested by him. It was not necessary for the visitors who came with petitions of desires to tell him, for he looked straight at them and gave them the answers.
On one occasion; two weary and hungry travellers from Arabia had joined his audience unobtrusively. Hadrat Ghawth al Azam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu immediately stopped his discourse saying "Poor travellers; they have just come a long way and have had practically nothing to eat." He then described correctly their last meal to the astonishment of all oncerned.
One of the most remarkable things we hear from this Saint's life is that even a man's destiny could be deflected from conscious life into the dream state. A merchant of Baghdad one day approached Shaykh Hammad Al-Dabbas for his blessings before taking a caravan to Syria. Shaykh Hammad forbade him to undertake the proposed journey because he foresawthat the merchant was likely to be robbed and murdered by highway men. The merchant very much depressed, met Hadrat Ghawth al Azam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu on the way and informed him what the Shaykh had told him. Hadrat Ghawth al Azam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu promised the merchant his personal responsibility for his safe journey and asked the merchant to proceed. He reached his destination safely with his goods. On his journey the merchant forgot to take back his money kept in the place where he had performed his 'ablution. On going to bed he was murdered. On waking he saw blood round his neck and also felt the pain of the blow. However, he realised that what he had seen was a mere dream, but remembering his lost purse, he went back to the place and recovered it.
While he was returning to Baghdad he was confused in his mind to decide whether seeing Shaykh Hammad first would be proper, as he was the senior Shaykh or seeing Hadrat Ghawth al A'zam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu first was appropriate as it was his predictions had proved true. He suddenly saw Shaykh Hammad. He asked him instead to first go to Hadrat Ghawth al A'zam by whose prayers his predistened murder had been changed into a dream and the loss of property the purse changed into forgetfulness.
One of Hadrat's own servants, who visited his master complained that he had, in a dream slept with many women. Upon this, Hadrat said that it was the servant's destiny to sleep with all those women but this misdeed had been transformed into a dream. Before the servant began to describe the event, Hadrat gave him a list of the names of all the women including those he knew and those he did not.
Khalifa Aimustanjid Billah once came to Hadrat and presented him some bags of gold. He refused, the gift but when the Khalifa begged and pleaded for their acceptance the Hadrat took two bags and pressed them. Blood seemed to ooze out of them, which was indicative of the fact that the wealth had been amassed by oppressing people, which was represented by the blood seen.
On one occasion a Christian Clergyman came from Yemen and accepted Islam from him in an assembly where he had delivered a sermon. After his conversion, he voluntarily stood up and related to the assembly that he was a man of Yemen and had decided to accept Islam from the hands of the most eminent Muslim in Yemen. He reported that had seen Prophet Isa [Jesus] alayhi asalam in a dream who directed him to proceed to Baghdad and accept Islam from Hadrat Abd 'al Qadir, who was the most eminent at the time in the whole world.
Once three Faqihs, who came to see Hadrat Ghawth al A'zam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu offered their prayers under his Imamat (leadership). They did not like his reading of the Qur'an and formed a low opinion of him. They slept that night and went to the spring for a bath late at night. Suddenly a wild tiger appeared and clung to their clothes and cought hold of them. The Faqihs became afraid for their lives. Then Hadrat at that moment arrived on the scene. The tiger became subdued and crawled at Ghawh al A'zam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu's feet. Hadrat sternly looked at the tiger as if to question why it had interfered with his guests even though they had formed a low opinion of himself earlier. The Faqihs came to him and repented for their conduct and begged his pardon. Hadrat then addressed his guests remarking that while he had been improving his heart, they had only been 'improving' their tongues by speaking ill of him and by using slander.
Shaykh Shahib'al-Din Umar Suhrawardi Radi Allahu anhu in his youth used to read voraciously books on scholasticism, inspite of the advice of his uncle to the contrary. Once his uncle took him to Hadrat Ghawth al Azam and informed him that the boy was devoting all his time to scholasticism. Upon this Hadrat asked Shaykh Shahib al-Din what books he had read on the subject. On getting a reply, he placed his palm on the breast of Shaykh Shahib'al-Din. No sooner was the palm removed; he surprisingly forgot all he knew of scholasticism. But in lieu of it, he felt his mind replaced by the knowledge of Allah. Shaykh Shahib'al-Din Umar Suhrawardi ultimately became the Imam of the Suharwardi Order and is the author of the famous book on tasawwuf by the name of "Awariful Maarif."
Shaykh Muzzafar bin Mansur said that in his youth he saw Hadrat in the company of a large number of persons. When he sat down with a book on spiritual philosophy, Hadrat without seeing the book but questioning him said that the book was not a good one for him and should be discarded. However, be did not like to discard it owing to his love for the book, but at the same time he neither desired to incur the displeasure of Hadrat also by retaining that book. So he decided to keep it somewhere else and tried to get up to do so. But he could not. He felt as if he was planted to the ground. Hadrat then asked him to show the book to him. It was given. Hadrat passed his hand over it and said that the book was Ibuzari's "Fazil-ul-Quran" and then returned it to him. I opened it and saw that it was "Fazil-ul-Quran'' but without the chapter on spiritual subject and philosophy "contained therein earlier. Hadrat asked him to repent for what had passed through his mind He first repented and then got up, but found that he could not thereafter remember a single portion of that book.
A relation of the Khalifa was once taken to Hadrat Ghawth al A'zam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu. The man was suffering from 'dropsy' and had an enormously swollen stomach. He desperately sought relief. Hadrat passed his hands over his stomach, upon which it contracted to its normal size.
Hadrat Ghawth al Azam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu had spiritual powers to hasten to the rescue of those who called him in an hour of emergency or adversity even from afar, such as the hearing of a thundering shout that rang, to frighten away marauders who tried to molest and loot owners of a caravan in the desert of Samarakand, who, in their hour of peril, called and appealed for the aid of Hadrat.
Shaykh Shahib al-Din Umar Suhrawardi's parents were for a very long time childless, until his mother approached Ghawth al A'zam and begged of him to pray to that she may be blessed with a son. Raising His hands in supplication he prayed and said that Allah the Beneficient would grant her wish. Hadrat desired the child when born to be named Shahab'ad-Din and predicted that the child would rise up to be a 'Shaykh of Shaykhs.' In the course of time she bore a son even though she was above the normal age of child bearing.
Hadrat Ghawth al Azam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu's powers over the souls of his disciples extended beyond the grave. One day in Baghdad a man informed him that his deceased father in a dream had desired him to appeal to him to pray for (the redemption of his dead father's soul, as he was suffering. Hadrat asked the visitor "Did your father ever visit my Madrassa?" Yes he answered. Hadrat remained silent for a while and referred no further on the matter. A few days latter, the man returned to Hadrat saying that his father appeared to him in a dream wearing a green robe and had told him that his punishment has been lifted due to Hadrat Ghawth al Azam's prayers.
Abd 'allah Zayyat once said that one night Hadrat came out of his closet with a walking stick in his hand. Abd 'allah within himself at that moment wished to see Hadrat performing some miraculous act. No sooner had this thought occured to him, then Hadrat set up his stick on ground and it became luminous and began to glow. Soon it became so bright that it illuminated the entire house. He then took up his stick, and looked at Abd 'allah and remarked you desired this sort of act. Abd 'allah was amazed.
A mother once arrived and left her son with the Shaykh to become a murid (disciple). A few months later she returned and saw him looking under nourished. She complained that Hadrat was himself partaking on a delicious daily dish of chicken whereas her poor son had been made to keep up on a diet of dry bread. Hadrat on this complaint picked up the bone of a chicken and suddenly transformed it into a live cock, which crowed as if to testify that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet "and Shaykh Abd al-Qadir is His Wali". Addressing the terrified woman he commented -"when your son is able to do this, then there will be no reason why he should not eat the same as I do."
Ghawth al Azam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu once asked nearly three hundred residents of a dwelling place to vacate it immediately. No sooner had these people vacated, the building fell to the ground. He had foreseen the occurance and warned them in time.
Shaykh al Arabi of Andalusia [Spain] had no children. At the instance of a Majzoob (a sufi totally absorbed in his Love for Allah) the Shaykh approached Hadrat Ghawth al Azam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu for his blessings and prayers for a son. Hadrat said I have one more son yet unborn in my destiny. I shall give it to you. Rub your back against mine and name him when born Muhammad Muhiy 'al-Din. He would rise up to be a Qutb of his time. The child was eventually born and was named accordingly. He became a great philosopher and attained high spiritual advancement. He gained the title of 'Shaykh al Akbar' and is commonly known as IBN AL-'ARABI, MUHIY AL-DIN [1240 C.E] Radi Allahu anhu.
During a famine in Baghdad, Abd'al Abbas Ahmed, the servant of Hadrat Ghawth al Azam complained to him of the need for funds and of food grains. Hadrat gave him a reasonable quantity of wheat and asked him to store the grain in a covered receptacle and never to weigh it, but to take out according to necessity, by opening out a small portion of the container. He used to draw grains in this way for an unusually large period. The wife of the servant of Hadrat at last felt very much curious about it and in order to satisfy herself opened the mouth of the container. She surprisingly found almost the same quantity of grain as was kept in the beginning, still remaining and unexhausted.
Once the water in the river Tigris rose to an extra-ordinary high level on account of an unprecedented flood. The inhabitants of Baghdad became frightened of the imminent danger. They came to Sayyadina Hadrat Ghawth al Azam and solicited his help. Thereupon Hadrat went up to the riverside and planting his stick on the riverbank said " Remain within this limit." The flood then began to recede slowly and came down to the limit demarcated by Hadrat.
Once a resident of Baghdad approached Sayyadina Ghawth al Azam and stated that his son has been getting a fever for a year and a quarter, and could not shake it off by any means. Hadrat instructed him to speak into the ears of his son and say 'O fever! leave my son and go from this village.' He acted accordingly, and the fever left his son at once.
It is related on the authority of Shaykh Adi Bin Musafir that once Hadrat Ghawth al Azam was conversing with some persons assembled to hear his sermon when it began to rain. Hadrat looked upon the sky and solicited "I call together men for your (Allah's) sake but you disperse them." As soon as he had uttered this, the clouds disappeared and rain ceased in the precints of the Madrassa of Hadrat, though it was raining outside.
Shaykh Osman Sayrifini and Shaykh Abdul Haq Harimi Radi Allahu anhum stated:
"We were present before Sayyadina Hadrat Ghawth al Azam in his Madrassa on the third of Safar 555 AH, when Hadrat suddenly got up with his wooden sandals under his feet and performed ablution. He offered two Rakats of prayers and with a loud shout, threw one of the sandals into the air. It disappeared from our sight. With another shout, his Holiness threw the other sandal into the air, which also disappeared. None present dared question 'Ghawth al Azam' on the incident. But thirty days after this incident a caravan came to Baghdad from Ajam and said that they had brought some presents for Hadrat. Hadrat permitted the acceptance of the presents of valuable things but these the same pair of sandals which were thrown in the air by Hadrat. They related that on the third of Safar when they were travelling, a gang suddenly attacked them and plundered their merchandise and murdered some of them in the caravan. The gang then entered the jungle to divide the booty. Then they had halted at the outskirts of the jungle and it struck them to solicit the help of Hadrat Ghawth al Azam. Just at that time they had heard two loud shouts which reverberated throughout the jungle. They had mistaken the shouts as the aftermath of a scuffle between the gang that attacked us and a stronger gang of Arabs. We were terror stricken. Some members of the gang came to us and said that a calamity had befallen them and requested us to take back the plundered goods. We went to the place where the booty was lying divided and saw two of their leaders lying dead and the two sandals lying close by.
Shaykh Abd 'al Hassan commonly known as Ibn Astantana of Baghdad stated: "When I used to live in the Madrassa of Sayyadina Ghawth al Azam for the acquisition of learning, I generally used to stay awake at night in order to serve Hadrat, if and when required. One night in 553 AH Hadrat came out of his room, presuming he required water for ablution, I took it to him but his holiness did not take it. Instead, he proceeded towards the gate of the Madrassa. I quietly followed him. The gate automatically opened and when he passed on, it closed itself. He then went towards the gate of the city which also similarly opened and closed automatically. Shortly after this we reached a town, which I had not seen before. On reaching the town he went to a house which was similar to his own Ribat in appearance. There were six persons in the house, who saluted him. He proceeded further on and I, stood, by a pillar. I heard the groaning of a person in a low voice. After a few minutes, the groaning ceased and another person went to the place whence the groaning came and carried away a dead body on his shoulder. Shortly after this, another person bare headed and with long whiskers, came there. The man sat down in front of Hadrat who made him recite the declaration of faith used in converting one to Islam. Hadrat then cut off his whiskers, put a cap on his head and named him Muhammad. He said that he had appointed him in place of the deceased. The persons residing in the house accepted the decision submissively. He then left the place and in a short time came to the gate of Baghdad, which opened and closed automatically as before. His holiness then entered his Madrassa. In the morning when I resumed taking lessons from Hadrat I asked him to explain the incident of the previous night. Whereupon he said that the town I had seen was Nehawand a distant city in the outskirts of the empire under the Khalif of Baghdad. The six persons in the Ribat, were Abdul and Nujaba. The man who died was one of them. The man with long whiskers was a Christian of Constantinople who accepted Islam and was appointed by him to fill the place of the deceased. The man who carried away the corpse was Hadrat Khizar alayhis salam.
It seems desireable here to explain that according to the Sufis, there exists a sort of hierarchy of Saints at all times in the world through whom Allah manifests His Mercy to the world of humanity. In the absence of the Beloved Prophet Salla Allahu 'alayhi wa 'alihi wa Sallam, they are the vicegerents of Allah on earth on the Prophet's behalf. They are of three different grades, Abd'al is a plural of Badal meaning literally "substitute", so called because should any one of these saints die, Allah immediately substitutes him by another (Sihah). They are righteous persons of whom the world is never destitute. But on more authoratative view is that they are given this name, because of their ever changing spiritual condition. They are in a flux; and are not allowed to remain in one state. Being on their way to Realisation, they are not allowed to settle down at any intermediate point. As to their exact number and their locations, opinion, is divided. They seem to be the lowest in rank amongst the spiritual successors of the Prophet Salla Allahu 'alayhi wa 'alihi wa Sallam, 'Ghawth al Azam' and Qutbs.
According to the best authorities they are a hirearchy of the saints of a particular generation and are supposed to be pre-eminently endowed with sanctity and faculties to even perform miracles. If anybody is a Qutb or a Ghawth, he is recognised as such only by his agents. Abd'als, themselves reveal their position to a. particular person. The literal meaning of Qutb is axis or pivot, the point upon which a thing turns, the chief around whom the state of affairs turns. So a Qutb is he, whose attention and prayers decide the course of events in a particular society of people? He may be regarded as a kind of spiritual agent in a particular community.
The literal meaning of Ghawth is 'AID' or 'Succour' in the midst of difficulties. So Ghawth is a kind of intercessor, who intercedes at a moment when the sins of a nation or humanity are at the point of being punished. These great men appear to be particularly tender hearted like the Most Beloved Prophet Salla Allahu 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam. Their hearts melt at the woes and sufferings of humanity and as such become a means to be able to avert Divine punishment. With the assurance of acceptability of their prayers, their prayers become a plea for Divine forgiveness and mercy.
Hadrat Ghawth al Azam has once said that the Almighty has given him the knowledge of all his murids up to the end of the world, and His Holiness has proclaimed that none of his murids would die without repentance, and attain the seventh degree to alude in paradise.
Once he remarked that he would not have the presence of Allah unless He did not accompany him and his murids to enter paradise. His Holiness was once questioned as to the position of a devotee who has regard and love for him, but was not actually his murid nor wore Khirqa from him. He said that such a person was also his murid although the real process of his becoming a murid was not complete. Even a person who had love and reverence for him would not be disappointed by the graciousness of the Almighty.
Shariah, Tariqah & Haqeeqi Ma'rifah
In matters of Shariah (sacred Muslim law), Ghawth al A'zam Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu followed the Hanbal Madhhab (school of sacred Muslim law) but was an authority on the Shafi-i-Madhhab as well, and a chief exponent of the Ahl as-Sunnah wal Jama'ah (the people who follow the Sunnah of the Beloved Prophet and the Jama'ah of his blessed companions). The way to draw nearer to Allah Ta'ala is through additional voluntary prayers day and night, through constant remembrance (Dhikr), unceasing salawaat (Durood) on the Most Beloved Prophet, Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam, Sunnah fasting, charity, zuhd (abstinence) and juhd (exertion in the way of Allah Ta'ala) as exemplified by the Beloved Prophet, Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam himself. This then is the tariqa (spiritual path leading to Allah Ta'ala) which is rooted in sharia (sacred Muslim Law).
A Shaykh, musk-scented in shariah, tariqa and haqeeqi-ma'rifa (knowledge of Allah Ta'ala) is able to ascertain the spiritual level of a mureed (disciple) and can assign additional awraad and azkaar (voluntary prayers) to be performed to attain spiritual progress. Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu learned tariqa at the hands of Shaykh Hammad Bin Muslim al-Dabbas, Rahmatullahi alaih. Traditionally when someone is appointed a khalifa of a Shaykh in tariqa, he is given a khirqa. Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu was bestowed the khirqa by Shaykh Qadi Abi Said al-Mukhrami, Rahmatullahi alaih.
The tariqa followed by Ghawth al A'zam Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu came to be called after him the Qadiriya tariqa and it came to be universally accepted as a divinely-guided path to spiritual progress through dhikr of Allah to polish one's heart of all evil, to lead a virtuous life, to attain the love of the Beloved Prophet, Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam, the love of the sahaba (companions) and the Ahl al-Bayt (the Prophet's blessed household), the love of the awliya (saints), and to follow the sharia (sacred Muslim law) according to the teachings of any one of the four Imams of madhhab, that is Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shafi-i, Imam Malik and Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, May Allah Ta'ala be pleased with them all.
AQEEDA
His aqeeda (beliefs) was that of the Ahl as-Sunnah wal Jama'ah based on the Qur'an al kareem, and the Sunnah of the Most Beloved Prophet Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam. All the Sufi Saints through centuries have expounded on and lived by this aqeeda. Its cornerstone is Tawheed (Unity of Allah), its nurturing is with Asma ul Husna and Ishq (love) of the Beloved Prophet Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam; its daily life is governed by shariah (sacred Muslim law); its growth and spread is through nasiha (good advice), Dhikr of Allah Ta'ala and salawaat and salaam on the Beloved Prophet Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam, its peak is jihad and its ultimate is Fana Fillah (annihilation of oneself in the Love of Allah Ta'ala) after which Allah Ta'ala showers you with Baqa Billah (spiritual life everlasting) in His Ridha (pleasure).
So you start with Ridhal Waalidain (in the pleasure of your parents) and end with Ridhallah (pleasure of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala). And the sahaba (companions) of the Beloved Prophet Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam are referred to as Radi Allahu Anhum wa Radhu Anh (Allah is well pleased with them and they are pleased with Him). And according to Shaykh Abd al Qadir al-Jilani, his own position is equal to the dust under the feet of the sahaba. If that is the case, what of the stature of the blessed sahaba of the Beloved Prophet Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam? Their spiritual stature derives from the fact that they were blessed with the opportunity of beholding the Beloved Prophet Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam with the eyes of imaan (faith). That being the case how can anyone be capable enough to explain in full the sifat (attributes) of Muhammad-e-Arabi, Rasule-Rabbil Aalameen, Rahmatullil Aalameen. Only Allah Rabbul Izzat is well aware of what he bestowed on His Beloved Prophet Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam, Allahumma Salli wa sallim alayh.
LINEAGE
Any tariqa has a silsila or spiritual chain linking the teachings of the Shaykh to the teachings of Sayyadina Rasulullah Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa 'aalihi wa Sallam. The spiritual geneology of Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala Anhu is traced back to the Beloved Prophet as follows:
Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani, disciple of
Shaykh Qadi Abi Said Ali Mubarak al-Mukhrami, disciple of
Shaykh Abul Hasan Ali Ahmad Qareshi al-Hankari, disciple of
Shaykh Abu Farah Muhammad Yusuf Tartusi, disciple of
Shaykh Raziuddin Abul Fazl Abdul Wahid Abdul Aziz, disciple of
Shaykh Abu Bakr Abdullah Shibli, disciple of
Shaykh Abul Qasim Junaid of Bagdad, disciple of
Shaykh Abul Hasan Siri al-Saqti, disciple of
Shaykh Maroof al-Karkhi, disciple of
Shaykh Sulaiman Dawood Tai, disciple of
Shaykh Habib ul Ajami, disciple of
Shaykh Hasan al-Basri, disciple of
Sayyadina Ali ibn Abi Talib, Khalifa of
Sayyidina Muhammad ibn Abdillah, Nurin-min-Nurillah,
Allahumma Salli wa Sallam wa baarik alayh
Wissal
The Shaykh's passing away;
Excerpted from 'Futuh al-Ghaib' [Revelations of the Unseen]. The Shaykh's final advice to his sons (sanctified be their innermost secrets); some valuable remarks he made; his last illness and death (may Allah be well pleased with him, and grant him contentment.)
When the Shaykh (may Allah be content with him and grant him contentment) was in the throes of the illness of which he died, his son 'Abd al-Wahhab (sanctified be his innermost secret) said to him: "O my master, leave me with some advice to put into practice after you are gone." To this he replied (may Allah be well pleased with him, and grant him contentment):
"You must observe your duty to Allah (Almighty and Glorious is He), fear no one but Allah, pin your hopes on no one but Allah, and entrust all your needs to Allah (Almighty and Glorious is He). Do not rely on anyone but Him, address all your requests to Him (Exalted is He), and put your trust in no one other than Allah (Glory be to Him). Affirm His Oneness. All is contained within the affirmation of His Oneness."
He (may Allah be well pleased with him, and grant him contentment) also said:
"When the heart is as it should be with Allah (Almighty and Glorious is He), it wants for nothing and contains nothing superfluous."
He (may Allah be well pleased with him, and grant him contentment) said further:
"I am a kernel with no shell."
To his sons he (may Allah be well pleased with him) said:
"Keep your distance from me, for I am with you outwardly, but inwardly I am with others."
He (may Allah be well pleased with him) also said:
"Others have come into my presence, so make room for them and treat them courteously. A very great kindness here. Do not crowd their space."
He (may Allah be well pleased with him) kept saying:
"On you be peace, and Allah's mercy and His blessings. May Allah forgive me and you. May Allah relent toward me and toward you. In the Name of Allah, farewell!"
He said this for a day and a night. He (may Allah be well pleased with him) also said :
"Woe unto you! Nothing worries me, not the angel, not even you, O' angel of death! He who cares for us has blessed us with something beyond you."
Then he uttered a loud cry. This was on the day in the late evening of which he died (may Allah be well pleased with him). It is reported by two of his sons, Shaykh 'Abd al-Razzaq and Shaykh Musa (sanctified be their innermost secrets) that the venerable Ghawth (may Allah be well pleased with him) would raise his hands and stretch them out, while saying:
"On you be peace, and Allah's mercy and His blessings! Repent and get into line when it comes to your turn."
He (may Allah be well pleased with him) was saying: "Wait!" Then came to him the moment of truth and the pang of death. He (may Allah be well pleased with him) said :
"Between me and you and all other creatures there is a distance like that between heaven and earth, so do not compare me to anyone, and do not compare us with anyone."
Then his son Shaykh 'Abd al-'Aziz (sanctified be his innermost secret) asked him again about his suffering and how he felt, but he (may Allah be well pleased with him) said:
"Let no-one ask me anything. I am basking in the knowledge of Allah (Almighty and Glorious is He)."
Shaykh 'Abd al-'Aziz (sanctified be his innermost secret) asked him again about his illness, and he (may Allah be well pleased with him) replied :
"No one knows the nature of my sickness, and nobody understands it, be he human, jinn, or angel. Allah's knowledge is not diminished by Allah's decree. The decree may change, but the knowledge is unchanging.
'Allah effaces or confirms whatever He will, and with Him is the Essence of the Book,' (13:39).
'He will not be questioned as to what He does, but they will be questioned.' (21:23)."
The following descriptions have also been reported: His son Shaykh 'Abd al-Jabbar (sanctified be his innermost secret) asked him: "Which part of your body gives you pain?" He (may Allah be well pleased with him) replied :
"All my organs are hurting me except my heart. There is no pain there, for it is with Allah (Almighty and Glorious is He)."
Then death came to him, as he (may Allah be well pleased with him) was saying:
"I seek help in the words: 'There is none worthy of worship but Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, the Ever-Living, Who has no fear of passing away. Glory be to Him Who exults in His omnipotence, and subdues His servants with death. There is none worthy of worship but Allah. Muhammad is Allah's Messenger.'"
His son Shaykh Musa (sanctified be his innermost secret) told us that when death approached the presence of the Shaykh (may Allah be well pleased with him, and grant him contentment), he was trying to say the word "ta'azzaza" ["exults"], but could not get the pronunciation right, so he kept on repeating "ta-'az-za-za," slowly and emphatically, until his tongue shot it out. Then he said: "Allah, Allah, Allah," till his voice grew faint and his tongue was cleaving to the roof of his mouth. Then his noble spirit went forth.
The good pleasure of Allah (Exalted is He) be upon him!
Mazaar
Outside the shrine of Ghawth al A'zam (Baghdad Shareef)
Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu
Shrine of Ghawth al A'zam (Baghdad Shareef)
Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu
Inside the blessed shrine
The Shaykh's Names & Titles
To those familiar with the religious and spiritual tradition of Islam, here is a list of Shaykh Abd 'al-Qadir al Jilani's Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu names, surnames, and the many titles conferred upon him by his devoted followers and contemporaries.
Al-Ghawth al-A'zam
"The Supreme Helper" (or, "The Mightiest Succour"). Ghawth is an Arabic word meaning:
[1] A cry for aid or succour.
[2] Aid, help, succor; deliverance from adversity.
[3] The chief of the Saints, who is empowered by Allah to bring succour to suffering humanity, in response to His creatures' cry for help in times of extreme adversity.
Sultan al-Awliya'
"The Sultan of the Saints." This reinforces the preceding title, emphasizing the supremacy of the Ghawth above all other orders of sanctity.
Qutb al A'zam
The Greatest Qutb and the biggest helper of people in need.
Qutb al Rabbani
The Divine or Devout Qutb
Qutb
"Pole" .... One or more human beings who occupy a pivotal spiritual position in the world. Synonymous with Ghawth according to al-Shafi'i.
Piran-e- Pir
The pir of pirs. Pir is persian for spiritual guide.
Mehboob-e-Subhani
Mahboob [mahbub] means The one who is the Beloved of Allah
Shaykh
A term applied throughout the Islamic world to respected persons of recognised seniority in learning, experience and wisdom. Its basic meaning in Arabic is "an elder; a man over fifty years of age. (The spellings Sheikh and Shaykh may also be encountered in English language publications.)
Sayyaduna 'ash-Shaykh
"Our Master, the Shaykh." A writer who regards himself as a Qadiri, a devoted follower of Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir, will generally refer to the latter as-Sayyaduna [our Master], or Sayyidii [my Master].
Abu Muhammad
"Father of Muhammad." In the Arabic system of nomenclature, a man's surnames usually include the name of his first-born son, with the prefix Abuu' [Father of–].
Muhiy ud-Din
"Reviver of the Religion." It is widely acknowledged by historians, non-Muslim as well as Muslim, that Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir displayed great courage in reaffirming the traditional teachings of Islaam, in an era when sectarianism was rife, and when materialistic and rationalistic tendencies were predominant in all sections of society. In matters of Islamic jurisprudence [fiqh] and theology [kalaam], he adhered quite strictly to the highly "orthodox" school of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal.
'Abd 'al-Qadir
This is the author's personal name,meaning "Servant [or Slave] of the All-Powerful." (The form 'Abdul Qadir, which the reader may come across elsewhere, is simply an alternative transliteration of the Arabic spelling.) It has always been a common practice, in the Muslim community, to give a male child a name in which 'Abd is prefixed to one of the Names of Allah.
Al-Jilani
A surname ending in -i will often indicate the bearer's place of birth. Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir was born in the Iranian district of Gilan, south of the Caspian Sea, in A.H. 470/1077-8 C.E. (In some texts, the Persian spelling Gilani is used instead of the arabicized form al-Jilani. The abbreviated form al-Jili,which may also be encountered, should not be confused with the surname of the venerable 'Abd al-Karim al-Jili, author of the celebrated work al-Insan al-Kamil,who came from Jil in the district of Baghdad)
Let us now consider a slightly longer version of the Shaykh's name, as it occurs near the beginning of Al-Fath ar-Rabbani [The Sublime Revelation]: Sayyaduna 'ash-Shaykh Muhiyu'd-Din Abu Muhammad 'Abd al-Qadir (Radi allahu ta'ala 'anhu).
al-Hasani w'al-Husayni
"The descendant of both al-Hasan and al-Husayn, the grandsons of the Most Beloved Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace)." To quote the Turkish author, Shaykh Muzaffer Ozak Efendi (may be pleased with him) : "The lineage of Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir is known as the Chain of Gold, since both his parents were descendants of the Most Beloved Messenger (Allah bless him and give him peace). His noble father, 'Abdullah, traced his descent by way of Imam Hasan (Allah bestow His mercy upon him): while his revered mother, Umm al-Khair, traced hers through Imam Husayn (Allah bestow His mercy upon him)."
As for the many other surnames, titles and honourific appellations that have been conferred upon Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, it may suffice at this point to mention al-Baz al-Ashhab [The Gray Falcon].
Radi allahu ta'ala 'anhu
"May Allah be well pleased with him!" This benediction is the one customarily pronounced–and spelled out–in writing after mentioning the name of a Companion of the Most Beloved Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace). The preference for this particular invocation is yet another mark of the extraordinary status held by Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir in the eyes of his devoted followers.
Finally, we must note some important elements contained within this even longer version: al-Ghawth al-A'zam Sultan al-Awliya' Sayyaduna 'ash-Shaykh Muhiyi'd-Din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani al-Hasani al-Husayni (Radi allahu ta'ala 'anhu).
Biographies
The Biographies of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu
Some scholars have written whole books of biography on Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu. Some have written articles on him while others have mentioned him in their writings by way of illustration. A preliminary survey reveals the following biographies of the Shaykh in various languages.
A: In Arabic
Biographies which deal with the virtues and the glorious deeds of a Muslim luminary are called manaqib in Arabic. Some of the learned scholars who have written the manaqib of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu, expounding on his exemplary character, his achievements in piety, and his miracles are:
Imam Muhiyuddin an-Nawawi (631-676 A.H), in 'Bustan u'l 'Arifin' (Gardens of the Spiritual Masters).
Shaykh Abu’l Hasan 'Ali ash-Shattanawfi of Egypt (passed away 713 A.H, 1314 C.E), in 'Bahjat al-Asrar' (Splendour of the Mysteries). This is the first major biography of the Shaykh from which others have benefited.
Shaykh 'Afif u'd Din al-Yafi'i ash-Shafi'i of Yemen (718-768 A.H, 1318-1367 C.E), in Khulasat al-mafakhir fi’ktisar manaqib ash-Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir (A Biography of Shaykh 'Abdul Qadir summarising his glorious qualities), and in Mir'at al-Jinan (The Mirrors of Paradises).
Al-Hafiz Imad-ud-Din ibn Kathir (701-774 A.H, 1302-1373 C.E), in his Tarikh (History) entitled 'Al-Bidaya wa’n Nihaya' (The Beginning and the End).
Shaykh Muhammad ibn Yahya at-Tadifi (passed away 963 A.H, 1556 C.E), in 'Qalaid al-Jawahir' (Necklaces of Gems), translated by Shaykh Muhtar Holland. In this major biography, Shaykh at-Tadifi records, in addition to the ones mentioned above, more than 40 great Imams and mashaayikh who have expounded on the spiritual achievements of Shaykh 'Abdul Qadir Jilani, among them being:
- Shaykh As-Sayyad Ahmad ar-Rifa'i (passed away 578 A.H, 1182 C.E),
- Shaykh Abu Madyan Shu’ayb (520-594 A.H, 1126-1198 C.E),
- Shaykh Shihabuddin 'Umar as-Suhrawardi (539-632 A.H, 1145-1234 C.E),
- Imam Ahmad ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (773-852 A.H)
He also quotes from about a dozen biographies of the Shaykh by various well-known 'ulama (learned scholars).
Shaykh Hasan ibn 'Umayr ash-Shirazi in 'Iqd al-'Iqyan. This is a manaqib (biography) of 17 chapters in poetic prose in which the verses alternatively rhyme in the letters "yaa", and "alif".
Shaykh 'Abdur Rahman ibn Ahmad al-Qadiri az-Zayla’i, entitled "Fayd ur Rahmani" ("The Grace of the Beneficent"), consisting of 11 chapters in Majmu’a Mushtamila (A Compendium of Writings).
Habib Muhammad ibn ash-Shaykh Sidq Muhammad Ibrahim al-Qahiri, given in 'Al-Fuyudaat u'r Rabbaniyya' (Emanations of Lordly Grace),
Rahmatullahi 'alayhim ajma'een.
B: In Urdu, by
Mawlana Muhammad Ilyas Attar Qadiri, [Amir of Dawat-e-Islami] in 'Jinnat Ka Baadshah' (The King of Jinns and Other Marvels of Ghawth al-A'zam), in which he has primarily referenced the original source, that is the biography of the Shaykh entitled 'Bahjat al-Asrar' of Shaykh ash-Shattanawfi. He also quotes a few verses from Shah Waliyullah Dehlawi Rahmatullahi 'alayh (passed away 1176 A.H, 1762 C.E) in honour of the Shaykh.
Miya 'Umar Din, in 'Anwar-e-Qadiriya' (The Lights of the Qadiriya). This is a comprehensive biography of about 200 pages. In it, Miyan 'Umar Din has given an Urdu translation of 412 selected pieces of advice from the discourses of Shaykh 'Abdul Qadir Jilani which he considers constitute the core of this teaching. He has also included biographical accounts of the Shaykh written by
- 'Mujaddid Alfi Thani' Shaykh Ahmad Faruqi as-Sirhindi, Rahmatullahi 'alayh (972-1034 A.H, 1564-1625 C.E) who has written about Shaykh 'Abdul Qadir Jilani in Maktub Number 123 in his Maktubat (Letters).
- Shaykh 'Abdul Haqq Muhaddith Dehlawi Rahmatullahi 'alayh (passed away 1052 A.H, 1642 C.E), in 'Akhbar al-Akhyar' (Narratives About The Chosen Ones). He translated the 'Futuh al-Ghaib' of the Ghawth al-A'zam into Persian.
'Allama 'Abdur Rahim Khan Qadiri, in 'Sirat-e-Ghawth-e-A'zam' (The History of the Ghawth al-A’zam). This is another comprehensive biography of about 250 pages.
Mawlana 'Ashiq Ilahi Mirthi, in the "Introduction" to his translation of 'Al-Fath-ur-Rabbani.'
Mawlana Sayyid 'Abd ud Daim Jilani , in the "Introduction" to his translation of 'Al-Ghunya Li Talibi Tariqi'l Haqq.'
C: In Turkish, by
Shaykh Muzaffar Ozak Effendi, in 'Ziynet ul Qulub' (The Adornment of Hearts), translated by Shaykh Muhtar Holland.
D: In English, by
Dr. Zahurul Hasan Sharib, Rahmatullahi 'alayh, entitled 'Ghawth al A'zam Pirane Pir' (The Greatest Spiritual Helper, The Shaykh of Shaykhs).
Dr. Muhammad Haroon, Rahmatullahi 'alayh, "The World Importance of Ghawth Al A'zam Shaykh 'Abdul Qadir Jilani".
Shaykh Tosun al-Jerrahi al-Halveti, in the "Introduction" to his translation of 'Sirr al-Asrar' (The Secret of Secrets).
Shaykh Muhtar Holland, in the "Introduction" to his translation of 'Futuh al-Ghaib' (Revelations of the Unseen).
Shaykh Muhammad al-Akili, in the "Preface" to his translation of 'Al Fath-ur-Rabbani' (The Endowment of Divine Grace).
Professor Shetha al-Dargazelli and Dr. Louay Fatoohi, in the "Introduction" to their translation of 'Jila al-Khatir' (Purification of the Mind).
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Nashiha
The Nasiha [advice] of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu
Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu taught Muslims and preached to non-Muslims in Baghdad. His nasiha (advices) and mawa'iza (sermons, discourses) were written down by scribes as he delivered them and they have been compiled and handed down through centuries as classics of Muslim spirituality. One of the beauties of his discourses is that you feel he is addressing you directly.
His major spiritual works, that is, the kutub (books) he wrote, as well as collections of his discourses are:
Al-Ghunya Li Talibi Tariqi'l Haqq (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth)
This kitab (book) is a comprehensive explanation of Arkan al-Iman (Pillars of Faith), Arkan al-Islam (Pillars of Islam), and Ihsan (Spiritual Excellence). It is a kitab (book) on Hanbali fiqh (jurisprudence) with special emphasis on salaah (obligatory five times daily prayer). It is indispensable for those who want to do tabligh (propagate Islam) as it deals with amr bi'l ma'ruf wa nahi anil munkar (enjoining good and forbidding evil).??
Futuh al-Ghaib (Revelations of the Unseen), a collection of 78 discourses.
Al-Fath ur Rabbani (The Endowment of Divine Grace).
This a collection of 72 discourses, the main message of which is to raise yourself up to such spiritual heights as to devote your whole life in worshipful service of Allah, purely to earn His Rida (Pleasure) and His Qurb (Nearness) without hoping for any other reward in the Hereafter. In these discourses, he admonishes the munafiqin (hypocrites) who forget their religion and who cringe before kings and princes for worldly gain.
Jila al-Khatir (Purification of the Mind), a collection of 45 discourses.
Sirr al-Asrar (The Secret of Secrets).
This kitab (book) explains matters related to shari'a (sacred law), tariqa (spiritual path), haqiqi ma'rifa (knowledge of spiritual realities) and tasawwuf (spiritual culture).
Malfuzat (Talks & Sayings).
Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban (Fifteen Letters).
These were written in Persian and translated into Arabic by 'Ali ibn Husam ud-Din al-Muttaqi, Rahmatullahi 'alayh (passed away 977 A.H/1569 C.E).
Besides the Qur'an al-Karim and Hadith shareef, these can be considered to be required minimum reading for someone who aspires to be an 'aalim (scholar).
To catch a glimpse of his nasiha (advice), perhaps the best place to begin is to see how he advises his own son Shaykh 'Abdur Razzaq, Rahmatullahi 'alayh. He advised him to acquire eight character traits that are basic to tasawwuf (spiritual culture). These are:
Sakha (generosity) of Nabi (Prophet) Ibrahim, 'alayhis salam (peace be upon him)
Rida (joyful contentment with whatever Allah ordains) of Nabi Is-haq, 'alayhis salam
Sabr (patience) of Nabi Ayyub, 'alayhis salam
Ishara (symbolic instruction) of Nabi Zakariyya, 'alayhis salam
Ghurba (life as a stranger in far-off lands) of Nabi Yusuf, 'alayhis salam
Lubs us suf (the wearing of Sufi clothes) of Nabi Yahya, 'alayhis salam
Siyaha (wandering travel) of Nabi 'Isa, 'alayhissalam
Faqr (worldly poverty with spiritual riches) of Nabiyyuna wa Habibuna wa Shafi’una Muhammad Mustafa, (Salla allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam).
(cited by Al-Hajj Isma’il ibn as-Sayyad Muhammad Sa'id al-Qadiri, in al-Fuyudaat ur Rabbaniyya, Emanations of Lordly Grace, p. 40).
His mawa'iza (exhortations, discourses) deal with various subjects. For example, the first few discourses in Futuh al-Ghaib (Revelations of the Unseen) are on "The essential tasks of every believer", "Sharing good advice", "Being tried and tested", "Spiritual death", "The nature of this world, detachment from which is strongly advised", "Passing beyond the creation", "Removing the cares of the heart", "Drawing near to Allah", "Disclosure and contemplation", "The self and its states", and "Controlling carnal desire".
The theme of each discourse is supported with verses of the Qur’an al-Karim and Hadith Shareef. For example, in the First Discourse of Al-Fath ur Rabbani (The Endowment of Divine Grace), he quotes the following verse of the Qur’an al-Karim:
Surely, Allah is with those who are patient. (2:153)
And in the Sixth Discourse of Futuh al-Ghaib (Revelations of the Unseen, p. 17-18), he quotes this Hadith Qudsi which is dear to the heart of every Muslim (translation is by Shaykh Muhtar Holland).
In a sacred tradition (hadith qudsi) the blessed Prophet Salla allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam related that Allah (Exalted is He) says, "My servant constantly approaches Me through supererogatory acts of worship until I love him, and when I love him, I become his eyes with which he sees, his hands with which he holds, and his legs with which he walks." In another version, the wording is: "So through Me he hears, through Me he sees, and through Me he understands."
This Hadith Qudsi has been narrated by Hadrat Abu Hurayra, Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu and reported by Imam Bukhari, Rahmatullahi 'alayh (194-256 A.H, 810-870 C.E).?
The essence of his teaching is to achieve qurb Ilallah (nearness to Allah) in the sense of achieving His love, as He is our Khaliq (Creator) and the Musabbib ul Asbab (the Original Cause of all the causes). The description of someone who has attained nearness to Allah is succinctly summarised in Futuh al-Ghaib (Revelations of the Unseen, p. 12, translation is by Shaykh Muhtar Holland).
"Gone forth from his own self out into his Master's work, he now sees nothing but that Master and His work, and neither hears nor comprehends from any other source. If he perceives at all, if he does hear and learn, His speech is what he listens to, and His knowledge is what he comes to know. His favour he enjoys, through His nearness he prospers, through His proximity he is graced and honoured, by His promise he is pleased and reassured. With Him he feels at peace, and in His discourse he takes delight, while from all others he recoils and shrinks away. In remembrance of Him he finds refuge and support. In Him, the Almighty and Glorious, he puts his faith and in Him he places his trust. By the light of His awareness he is guided as he wraps and clothes himself therein. Strange marvels of His science he discovers, and of the secrets of His power he is apprised. To Him he listens and from Him he learns, then for all this he offers praise, gives thanks, and turns to prayer."
The next step to take is perhaps to open another of the compilations of his mawa'iza (discourses). This is a suggested interpretation of the opening of his first discourse in Al-Fath ur Rabbani (The Endowment of Divine Grace).
In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
O Allah! O You Who know my inability to praise You,
I ask of You – for the sake of the most perfect of all those who praise You,
(that is, Sayyidina Muhammad),
to whom You unveiled the realities of Your Names and Your Attributes,
and the subtleties of the emanations of Your Essence,
so that he came to know You in a manner befitting Your Perfection,
and whom You thereupon inspired with Your praises
as You inspired none other than him,
as You will inspire him many times more
on the Day when his uniqueness will be manifested,
(that is, on the Day of Judgement),
when his glorious character will be manifested in all its glory,
(I ask of You, O Allah!)
to bestow upon him,
who is more precious than any other being,
such blessings and salutations that befit Your most Sanctified Perfection,
and let the noble blessings and peace You confer upon him,
encompass the whole of his physical being as well as his essence,
as well as everything that pertains to him
in the world of creation and in the world of the Divine Command,
so that, O our Lord, You leave out none of
Your Prophets, Your Messengers, Your Angels and Your righteous servants,
but include them all
within the compass of Your Tremendous Grace.
Sallu 'ala'r Rasul
Allahumma Salli wa Sallim 'alayh.
We find that Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu begins his discourse with an exalted, inspiring and comprehensive salaat (invocation of blessings on Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him) in which he manifests his deep love for him. In one breath he tells us that the Beloved Prophet Muhammad, Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam, praised Allah as no one else did, that he knew Allah as no one else did and that he was inspired by Allah as no one else was. He reminds us that the grandeur of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, has already been manifested in this world and is yet to be revealed in all its glory on the Day of Judgement.
The salaat begins with the Name of Allah and uses the wasila (means) of the Beloved Prophet Muhammad, Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam. In the same breath, it breathes in the Asma and Sifat of Allah, the Most Beautiful Names and Attributes of Allah, Wahdahu laa sharika lahu. The salaat is on the reality and essence of Prophet Muhammad Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam, well as everything that pertains to him or is connected with him in the world of creation and in the world of Allah's Commad. And all the Prophets, as well as the Messengers of Allah, the angels and the pious people are connected with him. So the salaat is on all of them as well. In one sweep, both the reality and the essence of Prophet Muhammad Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam, have been linked to the two worlds of Allah’s creation and Allah’s Command. When you have completed reciting this salaat, you know for sure that you are in the presence of a shaykh, a man of Allah, and you want to establish ta'alluq (connection) with him, as you know that following his teaching and obtaining his baraka (blessings), coming as they do from the pure fount of his blessed ancestor, will lead you to salvation. Aameen.
As we read his masterpieces, we are struck by the fact that his style of expression is different from that of any other shaykh, 'aalim or wali. He is so much saturated with the spiritual power of Tawhid (monotheism) that his exposition and its flow has a spiritually confident personality all its own so that anyone who reads his nasiha spontaneously admits that he is the Qutb-al-aqtaab (the centre of all spiritual pillars), the Shaykh al-Mashaykh (the spiritual master of all spiritual masters), the Ghawth al A'zam (the greatest helper) and much more.... a Shaykh who epitomised mujaddidiyyah (faith revival) and wilayah (sainthood), Qaddas Allahu sirrahu'l 'aziz (may Allah sanctify his sublime innermost being)
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Abu Saleh Jangi Dost
In Persia, in a place called Naif in the district of Jilan, South of the Caspian Sea, there lived a pious and God fearing man. His name was Hadrat Abu Saleh Musa Jangi Dost Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu. He used to spend most of his time in the contemplation and love of God.
Once he was sitting on the bank of a river in deep contemplation, when upon opening his eyes, he saw an apple floating down the river. He reached out and picked the apple up as it neared him and ate it. Abu Saleh Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu had been fasting and had not eaten for almsot three days. Soon after, his conscience questioned him whether the apple eaten by him was lawful. He got up and walked along the riverbank to see where the apple may have come from; from which garden the apple had fallen into the river. Abu Saleh Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu intended to pay the owner the cost of the apple, since he had eaten it, without his permission.
After walking along the riverbank, he reached a large tree which was hanging over the river. He was convinced that the apple eaten by him had fallen from that tree. Upon inquiry he learnt that the garden belonged to a Abd'allah Sawma'i Radi Allahu anhu. Hadrat Abu Saleh Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu approached him and begged his pardon for eating the apple without his prior permission. Such a humble approach made Abd'allah Sawma'i Radi Allahu anhu to perceive that Hadrat Abu Saleh was a pious and noble man. He therefore, asked Abu Saleh Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu to pay him the price of the apple before his request for pardon was considered. The price was to serve under him as long as he desired. Hadrat Abu Saleh Abu Saleh Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu agreed to serve Abd'allah Sawma'i for as long a period as his service was considered necessary.
After a few years service, Hadrat Abu Saleh Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu asked the owner of the garden to grant him pardon and release him. Abd'allah Sawma'i, before pardoning and allowing him to leave, asked Abu Saleh to agree to marry his daughter who, he was told, was blind, deaf, and who was crippled at the hands and feet. After marriage he was also told to stay with them until a child was born. These were the qualifying conditions of his release. In order to obtain his pardon, Hadrat Abu Saleh Jangi Dost Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu agreed to the proposal, and the marriage was accordingly fixed up.
When he entered the chamber of the bride, he saw instead a beautiful and healthy lady. He immediately turned his eyes away from her assuming that he had entered a wrong chamber because the lady before him did not tally with the description given to him earlier.
By his kashf (clairvoyance) Abd'allah Sawma'i understood the predicament of Hadrat Abu Saleh about his bride. He called him and explained to him that he had stated that his daughter was blind, because her eyes never fell upon any outsider other than members of their family; she was said to be deaf, because she had never heard untruthful statements; she was supposedly crippled, because she never undertook committing acts, alien to the laws of Islam.
Such a personality of his new wife enlightened Hadrat Abu Saleh Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu with a new light. The name of his wife was Sayyada Umul Khayr Fatima. They are the noble parents of al-Ghawth al-Adham Abd'al Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu. She was the pious daughter of Hadrat as-Sayyad Shaykh Abd'allah Sawma'i al-Husayni az-Zahid Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu, who himself was great Sufi and Saint of his time and a direct descendent of Hadrat Sayyadina Imam Hussain Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu.
Birth of Ghawth al-Adham
Abu Sa'id Mubarak bin Ali Makhrami
Hadrat Abu Sa'id Mubarak bin 'Ali Makhrami Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu
Hadrat Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu was blessed with the allegiance (ba'yah) from his father, Hadrat Sayyadina Abu Saleh Musa Jangi Dost Rahmatullahi ta'ala alayh.
After pledging to such an allegiance, it was one year after which his Beloved father passed away on the Thursday 11th of Dhul Qa'dah, 489H. After this sad event, Sayyadina Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu only remained in Jilan for a further 6 months. He then travelled to acquire knowledge, and set out to visit the Ka'bah. He dwelled in the deserts of Iraq, and there he remained in seclusion at such a mountain, where the feet of any other saint had not yet touched.
It was after a period of 6 years when he had completed the 1.25 million recitations of the Names of the Essence, and it was for a period of 18 years where he made iftar of his fasts, but only with water melon.
When he had completed this seclusion, he vowed that I shall not eat until such a time, until my creator himself feeds me with His own hand. It was at this stage where he did not eat anything, nor did he drink, for a period of 1 whole year. He remained in a state of meditation (muraqibah). As he was passing this level of struggle (mujahidah), and act of pleasure for the Almighty (riyadhah), it was then when his Shaykh of his robe (Shaykh-e-khirqah), Hadrat Abu Sa'id Mubarak bin 'Ali Makhrami Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu had a Divine Inspiration (ilham), as he states:
'On the Monday night, being the 11th of Muharram 510H. I recieved Divine Inspiration (ilham), that one of our friends is happy to eat from our hand, and with this hope, had not eaten for a period of 1 year, and was only involved in the business of seeing the Divine Unseen beings.
When I heard this inner order, I departed from my home. On that day there was rice pudding (khir) made at my home. My wife wrapped the rice pudding with the table cloth and presented it to me.
When I had departed my house at about 70 feet, I started reciting the 'Ism-e-A'zam Junaydiyyah'. It was at about Fajr time, when I met Shaykh 'Abd al- Qadir al-Jilani, near a mountain, and it was there, where I had acted upon the Divine Inspirational Order.' (haqiqat-e-Gulzar-e-Sabri, p.50).
When the Shaykh tasted some of the rice pudding, he thought that this was a deception by the satanic self (nafs), and prevented himself from eating any of it, but again he heard a voice that said : 'Oh 'Abd al-Qadir! This is no deception from the devil, until you do not consume some of it, your vow with me will not be fulfilled. When the Shaykh recited 'Bismillahir Rahamanir Rahim' and opened his eyes to consume some of the pudding, he saw the face of Abu Sa'id Makhrami Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu, and suddenly he disappeared from the Shaykh's eyes.
The success which was gained from this inward struggle, and act, solely for the pleasure of Allah (mujahidah wa riyadhah), and how he achieved his purpose through the means of Hadrat Abu Sa'id Makhrami Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu, the Shaykh mentions in his own words:
'I stayed in a tower constantly for a period of 11 years. I had vowed with the Almighty Allah that until He Himself does not feed me with His Own Hand, that I will not eat a thing, and until He does not give me to drink, that I shall not drink. Once I did not eat nor drink for a period of 40 days. After the 40 days, a person came and put down some food near me, and simply left. It was so close for my self (nafs) to fall upon this, (to eat from it). This was because I had an uncontrollable desire to eat. But I stated that By God, I shall not turn away from the vow that I had made with God. At this time I heard someone from within me say 'al-ju', al-ju' ('hunger, hunger'), and it was at that time when Shaykh Abu Sa'id Makhrami Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu visited me. He also heard this voice, and asked 'Oh 'Abd al-Qadir! What is this voice?' I replied that this was the anxiety and impatience of the self (nafs), but the soul was constant upon the observance of the Truth. He then stated come to my home, and left, as I said to myself 'I will not leave this place'. Coincidently, Abul 'Abbas Khidr alayhis 'salam arrived and said 'Get up, and go to see Abu Sa'id', at which point I acted.
When I reached at the house, Hadrat Shaykh Abu Sa'id Makhrami Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu was awaiting me at the door. When he saw me, he said 'Oh 'Abd al-Qadir! Was it not enough what I had stated to you that you required the assistance of Khidr?' Then he took me home, and from what was cooked, bit by bit he fed me, and I ate, until I was satisfied. After that he placed the robe (khirqah) over me, as I then remained in his presence.'
(Nufhat-al-uns, p.445)
When this blessed event took place, the author of 'Haqiqat-e-Gulzar-e-Sabri' states in the following words:
'Hadrat Abu Sa'id Makhrami would arrive with the cap (kilah), the turban (imamah), and robe (khirqah), hand in hand with Hadrat Khidr alayhis 'salam towards the Jam'iah Mosque. On seeing this Sayyadina Ghawth-al-'Azam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu touched his feet, and upon the completion of the Friday (Jum'ah) prayer, on Friday of Safar 511H. in this very mosque, alongwith the presence of all the saints (awliya'), he gave guidance, and granted allegiance (bay'ah-wa-irshad) to Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu. He placed the cap (kilah) upon his head, tied the turban (imamah) with his own hands, and placed the robe over the Shaykh, as he announced what was in the khilafat script to those present, and then presented this to him.
This was the same robe which had been presented to Hadrat 'Ali Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu, by the Beloved Messenger of Allah Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam, and through His means was presented to Hadrat Khawaja Hasan Basri Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu, and then to the many 'Great Masha'ikh', and then to al-Ghawth-al-A'zam Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu.
The details of the passing of the robe has been given in summary by the author of 'Mir'at-uz-Zaman', in the following words:
'Hadrat Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani who wore the robe from Abu Sa'id Makhrami, and He from His Shaykh 'Ali bin Muhammad al Qurashi, and He from Shaykh Abul Farah Turtusi, and He from Shaykh Abul Fadhl 'Abd 'al-Wahid Tamimi, and He from His father 'Abd-al-'Aziz, and He from ABU BAKR ASH-SHIBLI 334H, and He from JUNAYD AL-BAGHDADI 298H, and He from His uncle SARI AL-SAQATI 253H, and He from MAROOF AL-KARKHI 200H, and He from DAWUD AL-TAI 165H, and He from HABIB AL-AJAMI [d.120 H], and He from HASAN AL-BASRI 110H, and He from Our Master Sayyadina Ali ibn-e-Abi Talib (May Allah the Almighty ennoble His Face).
(Mir'at-al-Zaman, vol-1, p-266)
TAJ AD DIN ABDUR RAZZAQ
Name: He was named Abdur Razzaq, and was also known as Abu Bakr, Abul Farh, Abdur Rahman and was given the title of "Taj-ud-Deen" or "Crown of Deen".
Birth: Taj-ud-Deen, Sayyiduna Sayyad Abdur Razzaq (alaihir rahmah) was worn in the night of 18 Dhil Qaddah 528 A.H. in the city of Baghdad Shareef. Another narration states that he was born on 14 Rajab 553 A.H. at the time of Asar. He is the fourth son of Sayyiduna Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani (alaihir rahmah).
Education: Taaj-ud-Deen was endowed with knowledge by his great father, Sultanul Awliya, Qutbul Aqtaab, Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani (alaihir rahmah). He also took Bai'at (Oath of Allegiance) and received Khilafat (Spiritual Successorship) from his father. Almost his entire knowledge was gained at his father's feet. He also increased his knowledge by associating with learned scholars of his time. He used to listen to Ahadith from the Masha'ikhs and eventually compiled his own book of Ahadith.
General Achievements: Sayyaduna Sayyad Abdur Razzaq (alaihir rahmah) is the eleventh Shaykh-e-Tariqat of the Silsila Aaliya Qadiriya Radawwiyah. He was a Hafiz-al-Quran and Shaykh-ul-Hadith. Due to his immense knowledge, he attained the position of Mufti of Iraq. He held an extremely high status in respect to Islamic Jurisprudence. He was a very polite, hospitable and humble person. He was known for his gratefulness, patience, gratitude and excellent character. Piety and keeping silent were an integral part of his character. Besides attending the Jumma prayer and attending to special needs, he was never seen out of his house. Although he lived a life of poverty and hardship, he was noted for his generosity. He had great love and affection for his students. Sayyaduna Abdur Razzaq (alaihir rahmah) was a follower of Sayyaduna Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (alaihir rahmah).
Piety: He feared Almighty Allah completely. He had the same features and qualities as his father. He was so modest and repentant that for three years he never looked up into the skies. This act was performed due to his fear for Almighty Allah.
Literature: His famous Kitab, "Jalaa-ul-Khawaatir" is available. The majority of his works are not mentioned.
Children: He had 5 sons and 2 daughters: Sayyiduna Shaykh Abu Swaleh Nasr, Sayyaduna Shaykh Abul Qasim Abdur Raheem, Sayyaduna Shaykh Abu Muhammad Ismail, Sayyiduna Shaykh Abdul Muhasin Fazlullah, Sayyaduna Shaykh Jamalullah, Sayyaduna Bibi Sa'ada and Sayyaduna Umme Muhammad (radi Allahu anhum ajma'in).
Demise: Sayyaduna Sayyad Abdur Razzaq (alaihir rahmah) passed away on Friday, 6 Shawwal 623 A.H. His Janazah Salaah was performed at seven different places because of the large number of people. He was buried in the same area of his Imam, Sayyaduna Imam Ahmad bib Hanbal (alaihir rahmah), in Baghdad Shareef
The Tariqa of Shaykh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani
Muslims follow Tariqa (spiritual path leading to Allah Ta’ala) based on Shari’a (sacred Muslim law).
In matters of Shari’a (sacred Muslim law), Mahbub Sub-hani Shaykh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani Rady Allahu ‘Anhu was an authority in the Hanbali madhhab (school of sacred Muslim law) as well as the Shafi’i madhhab, and a chief exponent of the Ahl u’s-Sunnah wa’l Jama'ah (the people who follow the lifestyle of the Beloved Prophet Muhammad and of his blessed Companions).
The way to draw nearer to Allah Ta'ala is through the fulfilment of obligatory religious duties, additional voluntary prayers day and night, through constant remembrance (zikr) of Allah, unceasing salawaat (invocations of blessings) on the Holy Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa Sallam, Sunnah fasting, charity, zuhd (abstinence) and juhd (exertion in the way of Allah Ta'ala) as exemplified by the Holy Prophet Muhammad himself. This then is the tariqa (spiritual path leading to Allah Ta'ala) which is rooted in shari’a (sacred Muslim Law).
Shaykh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani learned about the mysteries of tariqa and imbibed spiritual culture (tasawwuf) at the hands of Shaykh Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas, Rahmatullahi ‘alayh. Traditionally, when someone is initiated into a tariqa, he is given a khirqa (sufi robe). Shaykh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani was bestowed the khirqa by Shaykh Qadi Abi Sa’id al-Makhzumi, Rahmatullahi ‘alayh, (referred to as Al-Mukharrimi or Al-Makhrimi in some texts).
A Shaykh (spiritual master), musk-scented in shari’a, tariqa and haqiqi ma'rifa (knowledge of spiritual realities), is able to ascertain the spiritual level of a murid (spiritual seeker/disciple) and can assign additional awraad and azkaar (regular voluntary invocations) to be performed to attain spiritual progress. Shaykh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani went on to become the epitome of such spiritual masters.
The tariqa followed by Shaykh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani Rady Allahu ‘Anhu came to be called after him as the Qadiriyya tariqa and it came to be universally accepted as a divinely-guided path to spiritual progress through zikr (remembrance) of Allah to cleanse one's heart of all evil, to lead a virtuous life, to attain the love of the Most Beloved Prophet Muhammad, Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa Sallam, the love of the Ahl u’l Bayt (the Prophet's blessed Household), the love of his Sahaba (Companions) and the love of the awliya Allah (friends of Allah); and to follow the shari’a (sacred Muslim law) according to the teachings of any one of the four Imams of madhhab, that is Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shafi’i, Imam Malik and Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, may Allah Ta'ala be pleased with them all.
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Qaseeda Ghausiya
There are a lot of properties associated with this Blessed Qasidah Ghawthiyah of Hadrat Muhy al-Din Shaykh Sayyad Abd 'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu.
Among them, the person that recites this Qasida Ghausia, eleven [11] times every day will be near and dear to Allahu Subhaana Hu.
Secondly whoever recites this Qasidah Ghausia, his memory will be strengthened so much so that whatever he reads or hears he will remember.
Thirdly, by reading this Qasidah Ghausia will be able learn the Arabic language easily.
Fourthly, whoever recites this Qasidah Ghausia for forty days for a particular purpose he will be able to fulfill that.
Fifthly, if a person keeps this Qasidah Ghausia in from of his eyes and reads it three times a day, and if he doesn't know how to read, he listens to it recitation and doesn't separate from this Blessed Qasidah Ghausia, and has a strong belief and love for what he is listening to or reciting, then he will see Hadrat Ghausul Thakalayn Sirra min Sirra Hu.
By reciting this Blessed Qasidah Ghausia, a nisbah [ spiritual connection] is formed with the sincere reciter and Hadrat Ghausul Thakalayn Sirra min Sirra Hoo.
Qaseeda Ghausiya
SAQAANIL HUBBU KASAATIL WISAALI
FAQULTU LIKHAMRATI NAHWI TA AALI
SA'AT WAMASHAT LINAHWI FI KU’OOSIN
FAHIMTU BISUKRATI BAYNAL MAWAALI
FAQULTU LISAA’IRIL AQTAABI LUMMU
BIHAALI WAD KHULU ANTUM RIJAALI
WAHUMMU WASHRABU ANTUM JUNUDI
FASAAQIL QAWMI BIL WAAFI MALAALI
SHARIBTUM FUDLATI MIM BA'DI SUKRI
WALA NILTUM ULOOWI WAT TISAALI
MAKAAMUKUMUL U'LA JAM'AW WALA KIN
MAQAAMI FAWQAKUM MA ZAA LA AA’LI
ANA FI HAZRATIT TAQREEBI WAHDI
YUSARIFUNI WAHASBI ZUL JALAALI
ANAL BAAZIYU ASHHABU KULLI SHAYKIN
WAMAN ZAA FIR RIJAALI U’TIYA MISAALI
KASAANI KHILATAN BITIRAAZI AZMIN
WA TAWWAJANI BITIJAANIL KAMAALI
WA'ATLA ANI ALAA SIRRIN QADEEMIN
WAQALLADANI WA A'TAANI SU'AALI
WA WALAANI ALAL AQTAABI JAM’AN
FAHUKMI NAAFIZIN FI KULLI HAALI
WALOW ALQAYTU SIRRI FI BIHAARIN
LASAARAL KULLU GHAWRAN FIS ZAWAALI
WALOW ALQAYTU SIRRI FI JIBAALIN
LADUKKAT WAKHTAFAT BAYNAR RIMAALI
WALOW ALQAYTU SIRRI FAWQA NAARIN
LAKHAMIDAT WANTAFAT MIN SIRRI HAALI
WALOW ALQAYTU SIRRI FAWQA MAYTIN
LAQAAMA BIQUDRATIL MAWLA TA'AALI
WAMAA MINHA SHUHURUN AW THUHUURUN
TAMURRU WATANQADI ILLA ATAALI
WATUKHBIRUNI BIMAA YA'TI WA YAJRI
WATU'LIMUNI FA'AQSIR AN JIDAALI
MUREEDI HIM WATIB WASHTAH WAGANNI
WA'IF'AL MA TASHAA'U FALISMU AALI
MUREEDI LA TAKHAF ALLAHU RABBI
ATAANI RIFATAN NILTUL MANAALI
TUBU LI FIS SAMAA'I WALARDI TUQQAT
WASHAA'OOSUS SA'AADATI QAD BADAALI
BILAADUL LAAHI MULKI TAHTA HUKMI
WA WAQTI QABLA QALBI QAD SAFAALI
NAZARTU ILAA BILAADIL LAAHI JAM’AN
KAKHARDALATIN ALAA HUKMIT TISAALI
DARASTUL ILMA HATTA SIRTU QUTBAN
WANILTUS SA'DA MIM MAWLAL MAWAALI
FAMAN FI AWLIYAA’IL LAAHI MISLI
WAMAN FIL ILMI WAT TASRIFI HAALI
RIJAALI FI HAWA JIRIHIM SIYAAMUN
WAFI ZULAMIL LAYAALI KAL LA AALI
WAKULLU WALIYIN LAHU QADAMUN WA INNI
ALAA QADAMIN NABBIYI BADRIL KAMAALI
MUREEDI LA TAKHAF WA’ SHIN FA INNI
AZOOMUN QAATILUN INDAL QITAALI
ANAL JEELIYU MUHAYUDEENI LAQAABI
WA'ALAAMI ALAA RA’SIL JIBAALI
ANAL HASANIYU WAL MUKHDA' MAQAAMI
WA’AQDAAMI ALAA UNUQIR RIJAALI
WA ABDUL QAADIRIL MASHOORU ISMI
WA JADDI SAAHIBUL AYNIL KAMAALI
Qaseeda Ghausiya (Translation)
Cups of union Beloved gave me to drink;
So I told my "Wine", Advance towards me.
Then it moved and walked to me in cups;
In my intoxication, I understood the friends in my midst.
I said to all the Polar-Stars, Come and enter my State.
And become my Companion.
Be courageous and drink, you are my army,
Because the Cup-Bearer of the Fraternity has filled my cup to the full.
And you sipped from my cup, what I left after my deep "intoxication",
But you neither attained my height nor my Union.
All your stations are high,
But mine is higher ever.
I am singularly near to Him,
The Mighty One who changes my state and suffices.
I am a White Falcon of every Mystic.
"Who is there among the Saints, so gifted as me?"
He enrobed me with determination embroidered,
And he crowned me with the Crown of Perfection.
Unto me He revealed the Ancient Secrets.
He adopted me and granted my request.
And He made me a Filter over all the Polar-Stars.
So my Orders are effective under all circumstances.
Had I thrown my secret into the oceans,
They would have at once dried up.
Had I thrown my secret over mountains,
They would have become pulverized.
Had I thrown my secret into fire,
It would have been at once extinguished by the secret of my mystic state.
Had I thrown my secret over the dead,
He would have stood up with the power of Exalted God.
There are no months or ages,
Which flow but with my knowledge.
And they acquaint me with the present and the future, and they give me information.
And so, will you terminate your wrangles with me.
Be courageous my disciple, be cheerful and sing, in ecstasy
And act without restraint, for His name is Exalted.
Do not be frightened, my disciple, Allah is my Sustainer,
He has granted me the status through which I have attained high eminence.
My drums have been beaten in the heavens and earth,
And I have been given the rank of Good-Luck.
The Empire of Allah is under my command,
And my time has been purified before my birth.
I cast a glance at the entire Empire of Allah,
It is like a mustard seed alongside my sovereignty.
I acquired knowledge till I became a Polar-Star,
And I attained Good Luck through the Great Lord.
They are companions remorseful like those who fast,
And are like pearls in the darkness of the nights.
Each Saint has a station,
And I follow in the footsteps of the Holy Prophet, the Full Moon of Perfection.
He is a prophet belonging to the family of Hashim and to Makkah and Hijaz,
He is my ancestor, I achieve my objects through him.
Do not be frightened, my disciple, of a Slanderer,
For I am a determined combatant in banie.
I am Al Jilani, my name is Muhiyuddin,
And my banners fly on mountain tops.
I am Hassani and my abode is my cell,
And my feet are on the neck of each Saint.
ABDUL QAADIR is my famous name.
And my ancestor is one possessed of an insight Perfect
Salawaat
The Salawaat of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani radi'Allahu ta'ala anhu
Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani radi'Allahu ta'ala anhu has composed so many salawaat on the Beloved Prophet Muhammad Mustafa Salla Allahu ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam that their compilation would fill a volume. His three most well-known salawaat are:
As-Salaat al-Ghawthiyya, named after him as it is the most famous.
As-Salaatu Kibriti'l Ahmar which means red sulphur or "the Philosopher’s Stone", or something that is very rare to come by.
As-Salaat al-Kubra or the "big salaat". This looks like a bouquet of flowers straight from Paradise consisting of 33 salawaat, and du’a (supplication), all richly interspersed together with 25 verses of the Qur’an al-Kareem.
Muslims love these salawaat so much that they make them their wazifa (regular voluntary devotion). For this reason, spiritual masters as well as spiritual seekers include them in their books of salawaat. Two such great Muslim luminaries who have included As-Salaat al-Ghawthiyya in their compilations of salawaat are Imam Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Jazuli (passed away 870 A.H/1465 C.E) in Dalaail u'l Khayraat (Proofs of Good Deeds), and IMAM MULLA ALI AL QARI (passed away 1014 A.H/1606 C.E) in Hizb u'l A'zam (The Exalted Supplication).
Some of the kutub (books) that contain all three of these salawaat (and more) are:
Al-Fuyudaat u’r Rabbaniyya (Emanations of Lorldly Grace) of al-Hajj Isma'il ibn as-Sayyad Muhammad Sa'id al-Qadiri,/
Awraad u'l Qadiriyya (Regular Voluntary Invocations of the Qadiriyya) of Muhammad Salim Bawwab, and
As-Salawaat li'l Awliya wa’s Salihin (Invocations of Blessings by the Saints and the Pious), published by Iqra Islamic Publications in Toronto.
At this juncture, let us seize the opportunity of reciting his most famous salaat, that is, As-Salaat u'l Ghawthiyya.
Allahumma Salli 'alaa Sayyidina Muhammad-in
as-Saabiqi li'l khalqi nuruhu
wa Rahmatulli'l 'aalamina zuhuruhu
'adada man madaa min khalqiqa wa man baqiya
wa man sa'ida minhum wa man shaqiya
Salaatan tastaghriqu'l 'adda wa tuhitu bi'l haddi
Salaatan laa ghaayata lahaa wa laa muntahaa wa lanqidaa’a
Salaatan daaimatan bi-Dawaamika''
wa 'alaa aalihi wa sahbihi
wa sallim tasleeman mithla dhaalik.
O Allah! Bestow blessings on our master Muhammad
whose light was created first,
and whose appearance is a mercy for all the worlds,
as many times as the number of Your creations past and yet to come
among those that are blessed and those that are unfortunate;
such blessings that are unlimited and unbounded,
countless, endless, never finishing;
such blessings that are permanent by virtue of Your permanence,
and on his family and companions,
and in the same manner complete salutations as well.
Yaa Hayyu' Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Yaa Hayyu' Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Dhikr & Du’a
The Dhikr and Du'a of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi'Allahu ta'ala anhu
The Qadiriya tariqah is one of Zikrullah, remembrance of Allah. The plural of zikr is azkaar. The azkaar and du’a (supplications) of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani radi'Allahu ta'ala anhu have been compiled in many kutub (books), one of which is al-Fuyudhaat ur Rabbaniyya (Emanations of Lorldly Grace). It gives the invocations and supplications of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani radi'Allahu ta'ala anhu to be recited after every salaah (regular obligatory prayer), for each day of the week, as well as for various special occasions.
The dhikr mainly consists of the recitation of the Kalima Shahada (Declaration of Faith), Asma al-Husna (the Most Beautiful Names of Allah) and of salawaat (invocation of blessings on the Beloved Prophet Muhammad Salla Allahu ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam. One of the voluntary dhikr recommended to be recited individually after every salaah (regular obligatory prayer) is as follows:
After Fajr: Yaa 'Azizu Yaa Allah (100 times)
('O The Mighty, 'O Allah)
After Zuhr: Yaa Karimu Yaa Allah (100 times)
('O The Generous, 'O Allah)
After 'Asar: Yaa Jabbaru Yaa Allah (100 times)
('O The Compeller, 'O Allah)
After Maghrib: Yaa Sattaru Yaa Allah (100 times)
('O The Concealer of faults, 'O Allah)
After 'Isha: Yaa Ghaffaru Yaa Allah (100 times)
('O The Forgiver, 'O Allah)
A short article such as this one cannot explain in any detail all the invocations and supplications of the Shaykh. But we can perhaps benefit from reciting at least one of his du'a (supplications). His du'a entitled 'Du'a al Jalalah' (The Majestic Supplication) is so rich and rewarding that many mashaykh choose to include it in their kutub (books), among them being Imam Muhammad ibn 'Alawi al-Maliki al-Hasani of Makka who has included it in his 'Duru' u'l Wiqaya bi Ahzaabi'l Himaaya' (Armours of Protection for security, p. 58).
Bismillah ir Rahman ir Rahim
Allahumma inni as’aluka
bi-Sirri-dh-Dhaati wa bi-Dhaat-is-Sirri
Huwa Anta wa Anta Huwa
ihtajabtu bi-Nurillah
wa bi-Nuri 'Arshillah
wa bi-kulli Ismillah
min 'aduwwee wa ‘aduwwillah
bi maa’ati alfi
Laa hawla walaa quwwata illaa Billah
khatamtu 'alaa nafsi wa 'alaa ahli
wa 'alaa kulli shay-in A'taaneehi Rabbi
bi-Khaatamillahi'l manee'illadhi
khatama bihi aqtaar-as-samaawaati wa'l ard, wa
Hasbunallahu wa Ni'mal Wakil
Ni'mal Mawlaa wa Ni'man Naseer
Wa laa hawla walaa quwwata illaa Billahi'l 'Aliyyi'l 'Azim
wa Sallallahu 'alaa Sayyaduna Muhammad-in
wa 'alaa aalihi wa sahbihi wa sallama ajma’een. Aameen
In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. (1:1)
O' Allah! I ask of You
for the sake of the Mystery of the Essence
and for the sake of the Essence of the Mystery,
both the Essence and the Mystery being Yours,
that may I be protected by the Sacred Light of Allah,
by the Light of the Throne of Allah
and by all the Names of Allah
from my enemies and from all the devils (enemies of Allah),
(I supplicate to You O' Allah)
with a hundred thousand times recitation of (this glorification of Yours):
"There is no strength nor power except with Allah".
I have sealed myself and my family
and all the things that my Lord has given me,
with the impregnable seal of Allah with which
He has sealed all the regions of the heavens and the earth, and
Allah is sufficient for us and what an excellent Trustee is He. (3:173)
What an Excellent Patron and what an Excellent Helper. (8:40)
"And there is no strength nor power except with Allah, the Exalted, the Almighty".
And may Allah bestow blessings and peace on our master Sayyaduna Muhammad,
on his family and all his companions, Aameen.
Such was the spiritual status of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani radi'Allahu ta'ala anhu that in response to his du'a (supplication), Allah would turn a shaqiy (unfortunate person) into a sa'id (someone destined for salvation). Indeed he has so spiritually transformed the lives of so many Muslims in such significant ways that they never forget to mention him in their du'a (supplications to Allah). May Allah, the Glorified and the Exalted make us benefit from him, Aameen.
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Qasaaid
The Qasaaid of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala‘Anhu
In his Qasaaid (religious poems), Shaykh ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala'anhu talks mainly about the spiritual station of being intoxicated with the love of Allah. Nine of his Qasaaid are given in Al-Fuyudaat u'r Rabbaniyya (Emanations of Lordly Grace). Of these, Qasida Ghawthiyya, his nazm (didactic poem) on the Asma al-Husna, and his mathnawi perhaps call for more comment. Allah, the Glorified and the Exalted, says in the Qur'an al-Kareem:
Allah’s are the Most Beautiful Names, so invoke Him by them. (al Qur'an 7:180)
In fulfilment of this Command, Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu has invoked Him in both prose and in verse, using the wasila (means) of the Asma Allah al-Husna. His emphasis in immersing yourself in the Asma Allah al-Husna until they run through your veins is breathtaking. He has composed a nazm (didactic poem) in which the Asma al-Husna appear in the same sequence as they do in the hadith shareef. His nazm is a laamiyya: all its 63 verses end and rhyme in the letters "laam-alif ". Each verse invokes Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala with one or more of His Names in such a way that the true meanings of these Names of Allah are also conveyed and understood. The opening verses of this nazm are:
Shara'tu bi Tawhidi'l Ilaahi mubasmilaa
Sa akhtimu bi-dh-dhikri'l Hamidi Mujammilaa
Wa Ash-hadu Annallaha laa Rabba Ghayruhu
Tanazzaha 'an hasri'l 'uquli Takammulaa
I begin to expound on monotheism with the Name of Allah
I will end with the Praiseworthy and beautiful remembrance of Allah
And I bear witness that there is no Lord but He
Transcendant is He, completely beyond human understanding
Next, we come to Qasida Ghawthiyya which is universally popular. It is an exposition on some of the spiritual powers that Allah has granted him so that people may be educated about spiritual matters and Muslims may gain confidence in themselves. It is chanted from Rabat to Lahore and from Mombasa to Toronto, that is world-wide. Some of the kutub (books) which contain this qasida are:
Hadaaiqi Bakhshish (The Gardens of Gifts), with a poetic translation in Urdu by A'la Hadrat Shah Imam AHMAD RAZA KHAN, Rahmatullahi 'alayh.
Al-Fuyudaat u'r Rabbaniyya (Emanations of Lordly Grace), translated by Shaykh Muhtar Holland.
'Abd'al-Qadir Fee Iydaah-it-Tasawwuf (Shaykh 'Abd 'al-Qadir in Clarifying the Subject of Spiritual Culture), of Nur-ud-Din ibn ash-Shaykh Husayn Mahmud al-Ghasani.
Majmu'ah Mushtamila (A Compendium of Writings), of Shaykh 'Abdur Rahman ibn Ahmad al-Qadiri az-Zayla’i, Rahmatullahi 'alayh of Somalia.
Majmu'ah Wazaaif (A Compendium of Regular Voluntary Invocations), compiled by Women Islamic Mission, Karachi, with an Urdu translation.
Majmu'ah Wazaaif, compiled by Qari Ridaa al-Mustafa A'zami, with an Urdu translation.
Qadiri Ridwi Majmu’ah Wazaaif (A Compendium of Regular Voluntary Invocations of the Qadiriya), compiled by Iqbal Ahmad Nuri and Anis Ahmad Nuri, with an Urdu translation by 'Allama Shams Barelwi.
Khatam Shareef Sarwari Ghawthi Qadiri (The Completion of the Noble Dhikr Among The Sarwari Qadiriya).
There are various refrains or congregational responses when this qasida is recited. A popular response in Arabic is:
Mawaali yaa mawaali yaa mawaali
Wa Muhyiddin-i Sultan ur rijaali
O' freed men emancipated from (the) slavery (of your passions)
The reviver of the faith (Shaykh Jilani) is the Sultan of men
A well-known refrain in Urdu is:
As-salaam ay Nur-e chashmay Anbiya
As-salaam ay Baadshah-e Awliya
Salaams to you, O' fountain of the lights of the Prophets
Salaams to you, O' Sultan of the saints
One of the qasaaid of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani is a mathnawi A mathnawi is a poem in which the two hemistich (half verses) of a verse rhyme, and the rhyme keeps on changing from one verse to the next. Shaykh 'ABD 'AL GHANI NABULSI Rahmatullahi 'alayh (1641-1731 C.E) has composed a takhmis of this Qasida. A takhmis is the augmentation of a couplet to a quintent, in other words the quintification of a couplet!
So far, we have talked about his qasaaid from 'Al-Fuyudaat ur Rabbaniyya' which are very popular. Now we come to an appreciation of much shorter pieces of a few verses each from 'Qalaid al-Jawahir' (Necklaces of Gems).
It is a tradition among the mashayikh (spiritual masters) to explain about matters pertaining to the religion of Islam in both prose and poetry. For example, when Shaykh 'Abd 'al-Qadiral-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu was asked to explain the meaning of the word faqir (poor, needy before Allah), he said that the word faqir is formed with four letters, "faa", "qaaf ", "yaa", and "raa", as cited in Qalaid al Jawahir (Necklaces of Gems). Then he explained the significance of each of these letters in four verses to convey the meaning and the essence of the word faqir.
faa-u'l faqiri fanaa-u-hu fee Dhaatihi
wa faraaghu-hu min na'tihi wa sifaatih
wa'l qaafu quwwatu qalbihi bi-Habibihi
wa qiyaamuhu Lillahi fee Mardaatih
wa'l yaayu yarju bihi wa yakhaafuhu
wa yaqumu bi't taqwa bi-haqqi tuqaatih
wa'r raa'u riqqatu qalbihi wa safaauhu
wa ruju'uhu ‘an shahawaatih
The letter faa in the word faqir stands for his annihilation for the sake of Allah
and getting rid of his own description and attributes
The qaaf stands for the strength of his heart that is with his Beloved Allah
and his standing up for the sake of Allah is purely for His Good Pleasure
The yaa stands for his hope in Him and his reverential awe of Him
and he performs his duty as true devotion demands
The raa stands for the softness of his heart and its purity
and its return to Allah from its carnal desires.
Allahu Akbar!
We notice that when he talks about the letter "faa", the Shaykh uses two words that begin with the letter "faa". These are fanaa and faraagh. Similarly, when he comes to the letter "qaaf", he uses three words – quwwah, qalb and qiyaam – that begin with the letter "qaaf" . The words associated with the letter "yaa" are yarju, yakhaafu and yaqumu while those that go with the letter "raa" are riqqah and ruju'. Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu was for sure not only a master of the religion of Islam but a master of the Arabic language as well.
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Spread of Qadiri Tariqa
How Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi'Allahu ta'ala anhu Spread Islam
Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani, (Radi Allahu ta'ala'Anhu) as the model of a Sufi saint, through his nasiha, azkaar and salawaat, through giving a living reality to Islam, in his complete surrender to the Will of Allah (Subhanhu wa ta'ala) and in his showing of tawakkul (trust in Allah) and through his teaching and preaching converted more than five thousand Jews and Christians to Islam while more than a hundred thousand ruffians, outlaws, murderers, thieves and bandits repented and became devout Muslims and gentle dervishes, explains Shaykh Tosun Bayrak al-Jerrahi al-Halveti in his "Introduction" to the translation of 'Sirr al-Asrar' (The Secret of Secrets, p XXXI). Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala'Anhu says in the 35th Discourse (khutba) in 'Al-Fath-ur-Rabbani' (The Endowment of Divine Grace) that this was among the blessings of our beloved Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani, Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu had four wives, each a model of virtue, and devoted to him. He had forty-nine children, twenty-seven sons and twenty-two daughters. Four of his sons, Shaykh 'Abdul Wahhab, Shaykh 'Isa, Shaykh 'Abdul Razzaq and Shaykh Musa became famous for their education and learning, and they and their descendants spread Islam in other parts of the world.
Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala' anhu passed away with the dhikr of Allah Subhanhu wa ta'ala on his lips on 11 Rabi'al-Akhir 561 A.H, 1166 C.E, at the age of 91. A special dhikr session is held that night. It is variously known as Khatm Ghawthiya, Ziyara Shaykh 'Abdul Qadir Jilani, 'Urs Shareef, or Ghiyarwee Shareef. In Eastern Africa, a whole night dhikr session is held in congregation ending with Fajar salaah after which breakfast is served. In some places, dhikr sessions continue for days. These dhikr sessions draw murideen (spiritual seekers) in their thousands who come out spiritually rejuvenated, with their characters transformed and refined, ready to sacrifice everything they have for the sake of Allah. And these halaqa (gatherings) of dhikr in Tariqat al-Qadiriya have continued to attract millions of people to Islam through centuries and will continue to do so, Insha-Allah, till the Day of Judgement, Aameen.
Besides this annual dhikr congregation, dhikr sessions are also held on the eleventh of every month (hence called Ghiyarwee Shareef in Urdu), as well as every Thursday night, as the night before Jumu'ah is considered auspicious. The murideen (spiritual seekers) also do dhikr everyday individually in a mosque or at home. This then is one of the enduring legacies of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani, Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu.
Other mashaykh (spiritual masters) came who continued with the work of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu. A few examples suffice to illustrate this. The first example is that of Khawaja Mu'inuddin Hasan Chishti Ajmeri Rahmatullahi 'alayh (passed away 627 A.H/1230 C.E), who acknowledged Shaykh 'Abdul Qadir Jilani as his Shaykh and spread Islam in India. He achieved such a high spiritual status that he is called Sultan al-Hind (the Sultan of saints in the Indian sub-continent) and all the saints in that region are under his banner while he is under the banner of the Ghawth al A'zam. In the same way Shaykh Uways ibn Muhammad Rahmatullahi 'alayh (1263-1326 A.H, 1847-1909 C.E) of Somalia became a khalifa (vicegerent) in Tariqat al-Qadiriya at the shrine of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala'Anhu in Baghdad and spread Islam in the whole of Eastern Africa through congregations of dhikr. And Shaykh Hamzah Fansuri, Rahmatullahi 'alayh, considered to be one of the greatest saints in Indonesia in the 16th century C.E. proudly proclaimed that he learned Islam from Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu .
It can truly be said that the muhibbin (loving disciples) of Shaykh 'Abd'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu have spread Islam throughout the world through dhikr. The barakaat (blessings) of dhikr are truly unending. May Allah Ta'ala make us among the zakirin (those who remember Him), Aameen.
And the granting of wilayah (the status of a saint) by Allah Ta'ala to the zakirin (those who remember Him), 'abidin (those who worship Him), salihin (pious), and muhibbin (those who love Him and the Beloved Prophet Muhammad) is in all instances mediated by the Beloved Prophet Muhammad Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam, Shaykh 'Abd 'al-Qadir al-Jilani Radi Allahu ta'ala 'anhu and one's own Shaykh. After all, the Awliya Allah (Friends of Allah) and the 'ulama (learned scholars) are the Khalifatullah, vicegerants of Allah.
Allahumma 'j'alnaa fee zumrati'l awliya wa's salihin
(O' Allah! Keep us in the company of the saints and the pious),
Aameen Yaa Rabbal 'Aalamin.
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum
Yaa Hayyu Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyum